Theories Of Crime Strain, Social Control And Life Course

Chapter 7: Radicalizing Orthodox Theories of Crime: Strain, Social Control and Life Course Strain theory is described as the cause of crime due to the social class or environment in which a person grows up in. In our society, people strive to obtain wealth, education, materialistic possessions and power. Due to the environment lower social class people are born into, they are unable to obtain these aspirations through legal means. Feelings of frustration lead to strain and can cause these people to resort to external and illegal means to obtain these resources or lead them to abusing drug substances in an effort to feel better. Although strain is prevalent in lower income classes, it can also be found within corporations. When corporate profits and CEO salaries are soaring it’s difficult to understand why powerful people will commit crimes. With their companies producing at an excessive rate they are expected to continue increasing their profits. This can create their own specific strain to match present earnings. The fall out of their crimes leads to an even deep strain on their workers because they are worked harder and harder for less pay. With increased labor and decreased salaries they become unable to afford the products they are even producing. Race and gender in context to corporate crime is extremely disproportionate as well. The overall majority of people accused of corporate crimes are not the minorities or females but prevalently white men. This calls intoShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Crime And Crime1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthat people analyze crime has evolved throughout history and h as many different forms. Today, I am going to briefly explain some of the different theories that are used to study the subject of crime and criminality. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Anomie theory states that with the idea of the American dream and economic success that the stress created by not meeting the â€Å"American Dream† standard creates strain (Merton, 2013). AdditionallyRead MoreWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesCriminological theory is the explanation of criminal behavior, as well as the behavior of juveniles, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, correctional personnel, victims, and other actors in the criminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very importantRead MoreEssay on Theories of Crime and Criminal Activity1488 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Crime and Criminal Activity Every theory of crime has at least 2-3 meta-theoretical levels above it. The fundamental issues are usually addressed at the approach level, and are often called the assumptions, or starting points, of a theory, although the term assumptions more strictly refers to the background or domain boundaries one can draw generalizations about. Above the approach level is the Perspective level, the largest unit of agreement within a scientific community, andRead MoreTheories of Criminal Behavior Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pagesboth the strain and control theories one must factor into their analysis the sub-categories of each theory and how they contribute to the overall spectrum of crime, punishment, and social control. The following evaluation consists of those evaluations that consist of the varying forms of both the strain and control theories of crime; including the strengths and weaknesses of each standpoint, the empirical validity of each, and the overall ramifications for crim e prevention. Strain Theories FrustrationRead MoreThe Theory And General Strain Theory1262 Words   |  6 PagesA theory is described, as an idea or set of ideas generally intended to explain, to prove facts or events. Theory can be an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true, that is not an ideas that relates to a particular subject (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Theory is an explanation of something. Theories in criminal behavior explains why an individual commits criminal and delinquent acts. This paper will compare and contrast two theories of crime or criminal activities that was discuss in thisRead MoreSocial Disorganization839 Words   |  4 PagesSOUTHERN CARIBBEAN MARACAS ROYAL ROAD, MARACAS, ST. JOSEPH Social Disorganization An assignment Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course SOCI 325 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY INSTRUCTOR: Mr.Lloyd Johnson By Tekeisha Charles 9th February 2016 Approval............................ Question 1 Why is the social disorganization theory for the most part, relegated to specific areas in the society? Social disorganization is defined as an inability of communityRead MoreCreating Age Graded Theory And Anomie Theory998 Words   |  4 PagesCombining age-graded theory and anomie theory would help explain criminality by using more variables that have been proven reliable. Merton s theory created in the 1930s is ‘incomplete’ (Messner, Rosenfeld, 2006) and life-course may help complete this theory. Anomie factors affect a person in adolescents differently than a person in adulthood, this is why adapting life course with anomie can be helpful. Merton states his view of biological variables, â€Å"It provides no basis for determining the non-biologicalRead MoreAtlanta Child Murders1556 Words   |  7 Pagesstopped on that bridge. Rational choice theory is predicated on the idea that crime is a matter of choice in which a potential criminal weighs the cost of committing an act against the potential benefits that might be gained (Siegel, 2011, p. 84). James Q. Wilson expands on this decision in his book Thinking About Crime, stating that â€Å"people who are likely to commit crime are unafraid of breaking the law because they value the excitement and thrills of crime, have a low stake in conformity, and areRead MoreTheories And Rehabilitation Of The Criminological Theory Book By Frank Williams IIi And Marilyn D. Mcshane Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesCriminological theory paper: Ch.14 theories and Rehabilitation Chapter 14 of the Criminological Theory book by Frank Williams III and Marilyn D. McShane is dedicated to Contemporary theories of Process. Contemporary theories of process in this chapter include general strain theory, self-control theory and developmental life course theory. These three theories focus on â€Å"the importance of factors in early life† (Williams McShane 2014 Page 204). I believe the theories that are reviewed in this chapterRead Morecriminology paper1699 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Strain Theory in Relation to Crime Strain causes people to act against the law, breaking laws to attain their means. Merton’s theory on strain and anomie provides us with reasons for why the offender committed the crime break and enter. Merton’s strain theory shows us that the offender understood the norms of society but could not attain the means of it, he needed money go back to his girlfriend who was out west. Merton’s theory states that an individual who is lacking in social forms is more

The For Classification Purposes Are Listed As Middle...

There is an immediate indication on the back cover of Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp’s So far from Allah, So close to Mexico that this is field-altering scholarship—the general topics of the book for classification purposes are listed as Middle Eastern Studies and Latin American Studies. The equating of these two Area Studies topics promises a re-examination of traditional approaches to the scholarship that exists on the Middle East and Latin America. This work is a valuable contribution to the growing number of works that link these two world areas not usually studied together and that strive to deepen our understanding of a world order too-often reduced to facile categorizations such as East/West or the developed world versus the developing world. A truer understanding of the world system is provided by studying issues such as international migration. This issue and others like it complicate a more basic understanding of the world which has gained much currency of late. Alfar o- Velcamp’s So far from Allah directly challenges approaches to international affairs that result in an ‘us versus them’ framework. So far from Allah helps us better understand the history of Middle East migration to Mexico. It covers the period from the end of the nineteenth century, when this migration began, to the present. Alfaro-Velcamp’s sources include immigrant registration cards, Mexican immigration laws, citizen complaints about Middle Easterners, immigrant community-based publications, U.S.Show MoreRelatedDimensionalizing Cultures. the Hofstede Model in Context11051 Words   |  45 Pagesaggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8 Hofstede: Dimensionalizing Cultures:Read MoreChapter 2 Worldwide Accounting Diversity18181 Words   |  73 Pagesdiversity that exists in accounting internationally. †¢ Explain the problems caused by accounting diversity. †¢ Describe the major environmental factors that influence national accounting systems and lead to accounting diversity. †¢ Describe a judgmental classification of countries by financial reporting system. †¢ Discuss the influence that culture is thought to have on financial reporting. †¢ Describe a simplified model of the reasons for international differences in financial reporting. †¢ Categorize accountingRead MoreInternational Marketing Research10714 Words   |  43 Pagesthis had their information from international marketing research been accurate. This is not an isolated case, but stems from one of the many idiosyncrasies that exist in the markets around the world. Some of the idiosyncrasies for select regions are listed in Tabl e 30.1. Table 30.1 about here In this chapter, we first define international marketing research and find out about the major players in the industry. Then, we move on to see how international market research is done, the various methods ofRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 PagesI. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. FRAMEWORK ...the single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture. Edward T. Hall and Mildred Reed Hall Why study Intercultural Communication? Cultural diversity and multiculturalism are the realities of everyday life for almost everyone. The growth of interdependence of people and cultures in the global society of the twenty-first century has forced us to pay more attention to intercultural issues. In order to live and functionRead MoreGlobalization of South Africa8279 Words   |  34 PagesAdvantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 5. Industries in South Africa – 5 key sectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 6. Doing business – Global corporations in SA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 7. Globalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 8. 2010 FIFA world cup†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Part â… ¢ : Case studies 1. Best Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...17 2. Worst Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Part â… £ : Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... Appendix I – List of global automobile Industries in SA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 Appendix II – GlobalRead MoreCorporate Governance in Banking: a Conceptual Framework9571 Words   |  39 Pagescorporate governance studies and demonstrate two complementary arguments. Firstly, we show that the assumptions of Agency Theory make it unsuitable for analysing governance in commercial banks because regulations intended to prevent systemic risk (e.g. secure the integrity of the banking system) limit the disciplinary power of market forces. Secondly, we demonstrate that the agency problem in commercial banks is structurally different from that found in other publicly listed firms. Regulation, aRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 PagesNum ber 2 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE This study was originally prepared by UNDCP as a position paper for the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995) Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Part one: background I. The drug problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. B. C. D. E. TheRead MoreEffect of Advertisement11164 Words   |  45 PagesINTRODUCTION It has been wrongly assumed that the advertising function is of recent origin. Evidences suggest that the Romans practiced advertising; but the earliest indication of its use in this country dates back to the middle Ages, when the use of the surname indicated a man’s occupation. The next stage in the evolution of advertising was the use of signs as a visual expression of the tradesman’s function and a means of locating the source of goods. This method is still in common use. TheRead MoreManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry60457 Words   |  242 Pagesandthisindustry isbecomingincreasinglycrucialintheemergingeconomiesaswell.IndiaandChinaarewell ontheirwaytobecomingleadingcentersof productionandtechnology.Theircompaniesare enteringtheglobalarenaasseriouscompetitors justasAmericanmanufacturersareshowing alarmingweakness,havingrestedfortoolong onthelaurelsoftheirearliersuccessesa ndfailingtorecognizechangesthatweretakingplace inthemarket. solelybysuchfactorsascost-savingproduction,leanprocessdesignorinnovativecapacityRead MoreStudy of Seasonality in the Indian Stock Market21577 Words   |  87 PagesF-045, MBA(FT) 2011-13 Faculty of Management Studies University of Delhi Delhi – 110007 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report titled â€Å"Testing Seasonality in the Indian Stock Market†, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration, is based on my original research work under the guidance of Dr. S.K. Tuteja. The report has not been submitted elsewhere for any other purpose. All references used have been duly acknowledged

The Need for Gun Control Free Essays

Shortly after dusk, a sixteen-year-old boy stands on the street corner talking with a friend about what happened at school today between himself and another student. He nonchalantly stands there sipping his Pepsi when all of a sudden a black Honda with tinted windows drives up to the corner. The window rolls down, a voice calls out, and the boy walks up to the car. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Gun Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now He bends down to peer into the car to see who it is when three rounds from a .38 caliber pistol rip through his chest and neck. The other boy frantically runs off into the distance. He stumbles backwards and trips on the curb behind him and falls to the sidewalk the car speeds off into the dark alleyway across the street. The young boy struggles to breathe as he coughs up blood. He chokes to death with every effort to breathe. He dies a minute or two later. These kinds of events are all too familiar to us and perturb us as we see an increasing number of handguns fall into the hands of the young. I am shocked at the sight of these events where innocent children are being gunned down on the street because of petty little arguments over something so minuscule as a pair of shoes, a particular type of jacket, or simply just a misinterpreted look. I believe that more strict handgun regulations are a must in today’s society. I’m not saying that we have to ban handguns, but we have to take legislative measures in order to limit the possibility of handguns falling into the hands or youths. Peter Annin and Tom Morganthau state that according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Report, murders committed by persons under the age of eighteen who were arrested jumped from 1,193 in 1985 to 2982 in 1994. [1] This report shows a substantial increase in the number of killings by people who are under the age of eighteen. Most of these people are often participants in gangs and involved with drugs. Many of these people find that guns are a much easier method to defeat his or her opponent in a quarrel. This problem is made worse by the increasing availability of guns. Residents of gang-ridden areas are afraid to leave their homes for fear that their children or themselves might fall victim to a gunshot. I believe that many people feel we need tighter control over the sale of handguns while many others believe that we shouldn’t. Many p eople say that it is a right to own firearms and handguns in this country because it is guaranteed by the second amendment of the United States Constitution. The second amendment states, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† First of all, very few states today in the U. S. have militias because we have the five branches of the U.S. Military, the Army, Navy, Marines, Airforce, and Coast Guard. The military provides this country with enough support to fend off any war levying or belligerent nations. That is the military’s obligatory purpose today. There is no necessity for a state-run military. The U.S. Military’s purpose is to keep this land free. Second, the Bill of Rights was designed to protect the people from our government should it transcend to tyranny. These laws and rights were established in the period of colonial times when monarchies and d ictatorships were commonplace in society. Today, they’re just about non-existent except for subtle hints of them in communist governments which exist in areas such as the People’s Republic of China. We have no need to protect ourselves from the possibility of a dictatorial government materializing from our democracy because it is highly unlikely that this would occur. The United Nations, which the United States is a member of, would not allow this because their main function is to stop the spread of communism. We are not living in that era anymore and that is why I believe that guns aren’t really needed that much by civilians.As I mentioned before, I’m not suggesting that we, the people, totally ban guns. Firearms and handguns still have their recreational purpose in society. For a lot of people, the sport of hunting wild game is an enjoyable pastime and tradition that has been passed down through the ages. People have always hunted. From Paleolithic man to the Middle Ages and to the present, hunting has and provides us with food even though that same food can be purchased at the local supermarket. Other activities such as target shooting and enrollment in gun clubs are also enjoyable. They are sports, just like any other sports, that give men and women a sense of pride and satisfaction that fulfills the primitive instinct of competition in our minds.Another important argument among civilians of the country is that if more restrictions on firearms and handguns are passed, this would gradually lead to a total ban on all guns sometime in the future. In an article written by Robert J. Blendon, John T. Young, and David Hemenway, they include a Gallup/CNN/USA Today poll which shows how gun owners, non-owners, and the nation as a whole were surveyed. Sixty-five percent of all people, including owners of guns and non-owners, believe that stricter legislation would gradually lead to a total ban on all guns. In addition, a majority of gun ow ners, approximately fifty-five percent, believe that these laws would violate the second amendment of the U. S. Constitution while non-owners don not believe this. The survey was asking about how stricter laws would reduce certain aspects related to guns. The national figure is sixty-nine percent for those who believe that stricter laws would reduce the number of people killed by guns in arguments. Sixty-eight percent of the nation believe that laws would reduce the number of accidental deaths and suicides attributed to guns. Fifty-eight percent of the nation agrees that more laws would reduce violent crime. However, in both cases of owners and non-owners, the difference of agreement is over twenty percentage points in favor of non-gun owners. [2] I certainly agree that stricter legislation would definitely reduce the number of gun-related deaths and that if handguns were restricted from the hands of minors and criminals, the rate and recidivism rate, the rate of repeat offenders, o f violent crime would be reduced. I believe that we need more strict laws to curb some of the violent crime that is being committed by America’s youth. I also believe that the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) will not let the government ban all firearms since the NRA is the biggest lobbyist in the gun control debate today because it has so many active members. Finally, most people feel that they need handguns for protection of their property and themselves. I believe that protection of your own property, such as you home, is perfectly fine, but if you carry a gun around for protection, that can become dangerous. For example, gang members who carry guns are an enormous threat to others. If someone should irritate or annoy them, they might possibly resort to using his or her gun on that person. Innocent children and bystanders could fall victim to a stray bullet. Minor arguments could erupt into bloodshed on the street corner or in a dark alleyway. Other people are a lso a possible threat, especially to police officers. If for some reason, a gun-toting civilian was pulled over for a traffic violation, that person could decide to shoot that police officer in an attempt to get away. This would cause major problems in society. Another thing is that people under the influence of drugs or alcohol might use their guns on somebody without reason because of impaired reasoning and judgment associated with inebriation. Now I’m not saying every person would be and is like that, but there are some people that are. I believe that this presents a danger to society and why handgun access and sales should be restricted. I believe that we need tougher legislation on handguns. Citizens should be registered for each and every gun he or she owns and that they should be obligated to pay a high fee for that registration. Also, juveniles and convicted felons that have already served time should not be permitted to purchase or possess and handgun. I believe that if someone who has purchased a handgun, should be required by federal law to take a safety and training course in order to lawfully possess a handgun. This course would be directed by the federal government and would ensure that a handgun purchaser’s record would be checked out. This country should have tougher laws in order to restrict handgun access and sale. I’m not saying this will work, but it will be a step forward in the direction of effective gun control. If we and the government can work together on it, we can slowly minimize the problem and keep guns out of the wrong hands. Bibliography [1] Annin, Peter; Morganthau, Tom. â€Å"The lull before the storm?† Newsweek 4 December 1995 [2] Blendon, Robert J.; Hemenway, David; Young, John T. â€Å"The American public and the gun control debate† The Journal of the American Medical Association 12 June 1996 [3]  Historical Perspective:  http://essaylab.com/blog/gun-control How to cite The Need for Gun Control, Papers

Performance of Nurses Role of Health

Question: Describe about the Performance of Nurses for the Role of Health. Answer: The purpose of this standard acts as a framework to assess the performance of the nurses. These standards are practiced by the nurses to reflect their role in a health setting and are used as the benchmark for assessing the practice competencies. For example, In the case of Mr. Smythe EN has practiced the standard of enhancing the safety of the individuals by creating allergy alert. She has also demonstrated reporting, documentation and communication that was timely and accurate (Makaroff et al. 2014). The benefit of practicing open disclosure includes promotion of the culture of safety and quality. The harm of open disclosure includes a chance of legal action that can be taken by the patient against the medical negligence. Mr. Smythe may or may not benefit from the information of near miss of error as it may affect the therapeutic relationship and create trust issues. On the other hand, if the patient had the good rapport with the doctor previously may consider the error positively (Kalra and Baniak 2013). Yes discussing the near miss of error with Mr. Smythe fall within the scope of practice as the per the competency standards EN must engage in emphatic communication with the care providers, patients and their families and others involved in the care provision. The duty of care in both cases was the obligation to avoid any harm to the patient. There was a breach of care as Mr. Smythe was allergic to Cephalexin, in spite of which he was ordered for administration of this antibiotic due to exchange of pathology records Yes, the EN was acting within the scope of practice as she informed the RN skillfully about the health and functional status of the patients and ensured communication as well as timely documentation of the medical records (Nursing and Council 2013). The legal requirements for documents are as follows Proper spelling and grammar and flagships to be used to avoid confusion when patients have similar names Documentation should be done in chronological order, must be precise and legible Each entry on the document should contain signature and title, of nurses for accountability Non-committal documentation should be avoided and mention only relevant information Documents should maintain the integrity (Scruth 2014) In the above scenario, RN as maintained the code of safety and competency by prescribing Cephalexin 500mg which helps minimize the risk of bacterial infection. This was safe action as Mr. Smith was diabetic and had increased a risk of wound breakdown. However, in a case of Mr. Smythe, there was no flagship due to similar names which have led to the error. At the time of surgery, there was a serious error where a doctor has handed Mr. Smith's pathology request and Medication order for surgery of Mr. Smythe. Safety was ensured by placing an allergy alert band on Smythes wrist. Mr. Smith has given expressed consent (Jose and Dufrene 2014) for BGL test by holding his hand out for finger prick test, which indicates he voluntarily agreed to the test. The practitioner has not complied with the code of cultural safety as the RN has received Mr. Smith's pathology request and Medication order for surgery of Mr. Smythe. Therefore, he will be administered Cephalexin 500mg despite being allergic to it. However, nurses supported the clients cultural beliefs by using allergy alert band on his wrist. The enrolled nurse has applied the standard 1.8 in the scenario by informing RN Jones that neither of the clients having similar names and date of birth has been flagged at the time of the admission. Further, the EN has notified all the staff by placing an alert on each client as well as on their medical records. Mr. Smythe was allergic to Cephalexin so EN has placed an allergy alert band on his wrist for ensuring safe outcomes. In this scenario, the EN has complied with the standard 1.8 by recognizing and addressing the risk protection needs of the patients. The EN should have made the theater staff aware of Mr. Smythes cultural and religious background in addition to the medication alert on the chart (Fagan et al. 2016). It would have prevented administration of Cephalexin as MR. Smythe was allergic. The EN should have used pseudonyms on the pathology request forms of both patients to prevent it from an exchange. It would also have maintained the confidentiality of the patients records. The EN has demonstrated interpersonal skills by placing allergy band on the wrist of MR. Smythe to notify all the staff about his allergy to Cephalexin. However, there was no notification or alert given to the staff for his request of avoiding narcotic analgesia, as he preferred to meditate to relieve pain. The EN has demonstrated oral communication skills by reporting to RN Jones about the similarity in names and date of birth of both the patients. The EN has demonstrated written communication skills by pacing an alert on the medical records of each client to avoid confusion regarding the names. Yes, I would alert her about the near miss of medication error as I believe in a disclosure of mistakes fully and apologize for harm and inconvenience caused despite the complex emotional and ethical issues associated with it. According to Arnold and Boggs (2015), a culture of safety and quality can be promoted by creating an atmosphere of honesty and openness. References Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., 2015.Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Fagan, A., Parker, V., and Jackson, D., 2016. A concept analysis of undergraduate nursing students was speaking up for patient safety in the patient care environment.Journal of Advanced Nursing. Jose, M.M., and Dufrene, C., 2014. Educational competencies and technologies for disaster preparedness in undergraduate nursing education: An integrative review.Nurse education today,34(4), pp.543-551. Kalra, J., Kalra, N. and Baniak, N., 2013. Medical error, disclosure and patient safety: A global view of quality care.Clinical biochemistry,46(13), pp.1161-1169. Makaroff, K.S., Storch, J., Pauly, B. and Newton, L., 2014. Searching for ethical leadership in nursing.Nursing ethics, p.0969733013513213. Nursing, A. and Council, M., 2013. National Competency Standards for the Midwife, 2006. Truth, E.A., 2014. Quality Nursing Documentation in the Medical Record.Clinical Nurse Specialist,28(6), pp.312-314.

Charles Mingus Essay Example

Charles Mingus Essay The African American civil rights movement (1955-1968) was a social movement that saw direct action from individuals, groups and communities outlawing racial discrimination. Influential civil rights activists such as Jazz composer and bass player Charles Mining pushed this movement Into a more radical position. Mining was powerful In forming public opinion as he was able to reach the largely African-American Jazz community, the predominant music during the civil rights movement (CRM). This essay evaluates the significance of Charles Mining role in the American CRM. During the sasss-sasss, the Southern States in the united States of America were openly discriminating against Black Americans. 1 activists speak out for an end to southern racial violence and police brutality, equal opportunity in employment, and equal access in education and public accommodations. 2 was Charles Mining. This virtuosic bass player gained fame in the sass and sass working with fellow activists Louis Armstrong and Duke Longtime. He later pushed boundaries both musically and politically. Mining was significant In the African American call rights movement as he provided a rueful view of the attitudes of African-Americans towards the racial Inequalities In America. Lived that is of the Jazz community where he pursued freedom and Justice in music through compositional devices and musical expression. One way he contributed to the CRM was by influencing powerful and subordinate classes through holding hidden and public protests. His composition Fables of Faustus attests to these statements, as described below. We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Mingus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Mingus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Mingus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mining popularity in the Jazz community made him more influential in the political jazz climate. His regular performing schedule and frequent discography of records which made significant sales during the sasss-sasss powerful view of racial segregation and prejudice as present in American about racial injustices evident in the music industry. He directly challenged the accepted norms through his music by often using political titles for his pieces and his innovative compositional process enabled him to contest racial stereotypes through his outspoken critics. Punctuated with his position as a composer, allowed him to incorporate politics into his music. The most outstanding example of this is Fables of Faustus first recorded on Mining 1959 album, Mining, Ah Um. The song was written as a direct protest against Arkansas governor, American civil rights movement. 2013. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 08 August, 2013, movement Civil rights movement. 2013. The Free Dictionary. Re trieved 09 August, 2013, from http://legal- dictionary. Differentiator. Mom/Civil+Rights+Movement 2 The African American civil rights movement saw , provided an ideal forum to express to his wide audience his Charles Mining Discography session index. 2001. Jazz Discography Project. Retrieved 03 August, 2013, from http://www. ]zodiacs. Org/Charles-mining/discography/session-index/ Mining, Charles. Contemporary Musicians. Volvo. 9. Gale Coinage, 2006 4 M. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using 5 James Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, p. 18 Thomas Vacancies Arrival E. Faustus, who in 1957 sent out the National Guard to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School by nine African American teenagers. And response from the horn section which is played in a combination of a somewhat mocking tone in order to depict Faustus as a fool, and in a raucous tone, to portray the anger as present n the African American community jazz critic Don Hickman who commented a classic Negro put-down in which satire becomes a deadly rapier-thrust. Faustus emerges in a glare of ridicule as a mock villain whom no-one really takes seriously. This kind of commentary Appears far too rarely in Jazz. achieved international acclaim as it was played and recorded extensively by the Mining Band during their 1964 European Tour. The influence of this composition was obvious in the Jazz community as it was recorded and played on numerous occasions by various musicians, including white musicians he popularity of Mining compositions, which depicted harsh, emotional power, influenced his musical peers to become increasingly outspoken and to play Mining political compositions. Mining influence in the political Jazz climate increased political action in his fellow jazz musicians and also those people in the public who attended his concerts. Racist practices in the recording industry, the conversationalist of music festivals, and the exploitation of black artists led to Mining forming his own record company Debut Records, his own publishing company, organizing a counter-festival to the increasingly commercialese Newport Jazz Festival, and founding the Jazz Artists Guild GAG) a collective in powerful classes was most evident in the formation of the JAG. The JAG was influential in preceding numerous musicians collectives which were all cooperative ventures that protested the rules governing the Jazz marketplace 1 a powerful force against racial discrimination, particularly in the music industry. Mining ability to communicate an agenda of resistance and protest to his audience hidden transcripts such as allegories in his compositions and musical statements made him ore outspoken than his counterparts Brown v. Board at Fifty: With an Even Hand. 2013. Library of Congress. Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from 6 http://www. Loc. Gob/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath. HTML Fables of Faustus Song Review Ken Dryden. All Music. Retrieved 18 July, 2013, from http:// 7 www. Alembic. Com/song/fables-of-Faustus-mt0007689362 8 Hickman, Don (August 1962). About Charles Mining. American Record Guide: 916-18. AS cited cantors 2001, p. 198 The European Tour of 1964, Charles Mining, Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from http:// 9 mining. Monotone. Info/1964. HTML 10 (Masterpieces), p. M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement 11 (Masterpieces), p. 16 MM. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as . In 1962, the song was re-recorded with lyrics to further . Musicians Joined Mining protest and thus presented . Thus, he could use music as a vehicle to express 3 strong political views supported the clear activism Mining freedom for Justice through music was an effective way of influencing the ordinate classes and subordinate classes. This was achieved through compositional devices and was giggly effective as it exemplified counterculture through music. He played bebop; a style of modern Jazz that developed in New York City during the early sass. It contained fast tempos, open soloing and complicated improvisation. 14 from post sass, bebop was a form of aesthetic protest and rebellion. 1 5 permanent black experience of oppression and discrimination in the USA. 16 interacted with the communal ideas of the CRM. Eh merged musical elements that represented diverse social groups within the Black community. He combined modern bebop elements with blues and sacred gospel music, representative of the lower classes pacification of bebop, combined with lower class blues and gospel music, Mining unified a diverse social group including the ordinate musician class through free, musical expression. Mining also used collective improvisation, a method where musicians improvised simultaneously. It bayed particular attention to how each band member interacted with the group as a whole. 19 band member expressed their musical freedom whilst playing a style of music reflecting Black grievances against discrimination. Mining captured the ordinate musician classes as many notable musicians played Mining songs which included these compositional consequences they exerted activism. In Fables of Faustus, Mining cleverly uses lyrics in conjunction with staccato (short and choppy) notes, stable sounds and unstable sounds which produces a tone of insanity. Since this song attempts to criticism Governor Faustus, this compositional device gives the impression that Faustus is psychotic. Hence, Mining used compositional form of activism to underpin the outspoken forms of activism. These combined forms of activism created a unique and powerful view towards the CRM. According to many African-American scholars This created potential for a visual image for an open protest as each Unexpected Activism: A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Mining as Activists Using James 13 Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, up. 18, Melanie Riff bebop. 2013. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 08 August, 2013, prompt:// 14 www. Britannica. Com/Upchucked/topic/57837/bebop 15 M. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 7 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement (Masterpieces), p. 38 MM. Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Mining and the Civil Rights Movement Masterpieces), p. 89 18 Retrieved July 19 23, 2013, from http://accent. Columbia. Du/pro]sects/]glossary/c/ collective_improvisation. HTML Charles Mining Cover Songs. 2009. Covers Project. Retrieved July 23, 2013, from www. Coversheet. Com/artist/Charles musingsMiMiningdentified music as a means of unity, insisting that music is all one21 comparisons with racial segregation and music genres. He attempted to break the barriers that lay between Jazz and classical music by incorporating elements from both fields, creating a medium. 22 musicians where he imagined a world free of racial restrictions and generic atdisgorgesHis activism was in the form of outspoken statements where he called for greater integration in the music world; Today, musicians in all races are proving that no race is endowed with special abilities for any profession and that every musician has an equal chance if given the proper start and study needed for playing correctly. 23 Arguably his most effective contribution to the CRM was his articulation of free musical expression as depicted in the prestigious downbeat magazines. MiMiningerecognizedf Jazz Journalist and its effect on the ability of the Jazz musician to make a living as Black West Coast America suffered from a lack of critique and was subsequently not rerecognizedn merit. He wrote to Gleason, expressing his belief that music was an expression of the emotional self. In doing so, he tried to create a climate in which these musicians would have the creative freedom and material resources to pursue their art. By writing to the critic, MiMiningrticulated his aesthetic vision of inequality in the music business. This encouraged musicians in the future to strive for free musical expression, where black musicians would predominantly create music infused with musical expression ideas about race, culture citizenship, civil and coeconomicights, and black rirightisthe supportive critic, Gleason. MiMiningethos prior to this publication was already respected as he had been written glowingly in Downbeat during 1949. Therefore, he was more influential to the ordinate musician class. This was further underpinned when the article was reproduced in 1953 and to an even greater extent when MiMiningonducted a CoColorlind Test, notable musicians had to identify personnel on records people identifying anonymous black artists as white artists and vice versa. The results were published, along with the support of critic

International Student Summit

International Student Summit Free Online Research Papers This report talks about: All the experiences I had in London, how much information I got, and what are the reactions I had. I’ll try to put pictures and I hope you will like it. I would like to thank the British Council, the Natural History Museum and everyone who was involved in this summit and made it work even with a single signature. Introduction: Getting the Visa: I thank the British Council once again for doing all the paper work. All I had to do was to give them the requirement papers and the visa was ready in about five days. The members of the conference from Libya: There should have been three people; me, another person and an adult but only the adult and I went there. The other person skipped the conference in the last minute for personal reasons. Getting on the plane and arrival: The trip was very comfortable and the plane landed safely. Then we collected our bags and took the 40 £ that the British Council gave us and went to the Imperial College We met Jakira and Eleanor who took us to the Sherfield Building and that is where we had dinner. I checked in into the Imperial College’s building after dinner. I took my room key and met Jakira and Eleanor again and they took us to the Alexander Fleming Building where we set house rules and made sure that everyone was in agreement not to break them. We played some icebreaker games that gave me the chance to get to know others and where everybody was from. We split up into six groups and I guess I was the lucky one because my group was the best or that is what I think. In my group there were the Canadians and Libyans; all girls but me. Then we all went back to the Beit hall and went to our beds. Day One of Student Summit: First thing in morning we met with Eleanor and went to have breakfast. When breakfast ended we took a walk to the Natural History Museum. They handed us the Quiz Dom handsets. And this is how the Quiz Dom handsets look like: We headed to our seats and this how it worked. The question appears on the screen and we answer with yes or no or we choose A B C D E F. The First speaker was Mr. Tom Burke. Mr. Tom said: â€Å"Don’t be under forty† He said this because all of the people who are under 40 years old are going to be suffering and we are the ones who are going to face all the disasters starting from earthquakes to the massive destructive hurricanes. I felt he was right because our mother earth is really suffering and humans are 100% responsible for what is going on. We are responsible for Global warming and our co2 footprint and we do have the sufficient technology to stop it or at least to prevent it from happening anymore. Yet we do not use it. Break time. The Second speaker was Professor Mike Hulme. Climate change: implication for the future, choice for the present. The Professor did talk about something seemed really interesting to me because we do not have it in Libya. He talked about the Thames barrier that was built in the United Kingdom to prevent the seawater from invading the land. Due to rising sea levels, there was a discussion in the public about raising the barrier. But he said that we should deal with the problem instead of going around it and of course the main reason for this problem is global warming. â€Å"How high are we going to keep building higher Thams barrier?† he said. The third speaker was Dr. Jeremy Leggett who talked about the Climate change meets peak oil: the numbers game of the century. A summary of Dr. Jeremy Leggett talk is that our business and particularly our oil industry are making mother earth suffer. He said that governments are not making the big steps towards a cleaner environment because the temperature already is higher than the average 2 degrees Celsius. Lunch: The fourth speaker was Dr. Jillian Anable and he talked about Driving to the limit: the effects of transport on climate change Dr. Jillian Anable made clear that the car is primary mode of transport for 6% of the world’s population but the transport sector is growing really fast all over the world. The more cars being sold, the more co2 emitted into the globe. Even worse is that although all cars have the same function as transport vehicles, they have varying fuel usage so that even driving the same distance, one car can emit more co2 than another. Here’s a really good example that made me go like WOW. The fifth speaker was Dr. Dave Reay and he talked about Tackling climate change in the urban jungle. Dr. Dave made a really good point when he pointed the accusatory finger at cities. He said â€Å"Cities are now responsible for three-quarters of all greenhouse gas emissions released into the atmosphere by humankind†¦ Yes we may be sliding deeper into a human-made climate abyss, but our cities can provide the ladder out of the hole we’ve got ourselves into. He meant that it was possible within cities to come up with urban-centric solutions to tackle the very pollution they emit. Short break. Then all the speakers sat together and it was our turn to ask some questions. We asked some really good questions I don’t have the time to write all of them but I can say what I asked. Q1: Ok you already said that scientists invented cars that use hydrogen instead of gas why don’t we see any of these cars on the market or why don’t we even see any hydrogen stations? Q2: Since it’s still a new technology (the hydrogen cars), when do you think they are going to officially be used all over the world? Summit closes for the day. And return to the Imperial College. After that we played games and had something to eat in the map room at the Royal Geographical Society. Evening ends Day Two of Student Summit: . . Review of the last day. Dr. Bob Bloomfield introduces the first speaker Mr. Colin Butfield speaking of the WWF. Mr. Colin Butfield talked about how we could live in peace with our mother earth. (One planet living) Mr. Butfield made his argument with points on diminishing resources and animals in the wild due to our over-consumption in urban areas. Lets put this one in point form and you can be the judge: Only 250 tigers left in India. Only 350 tigers left in Bangladesh. 27% of co2 emissions come from our houses. 55% of timber used in our homes. The United Kingdom is the third largest importer of illegal timber in the world. More than 50% of the global population lives in he cities now. Cities take up to 2% of the planet space. Break Time. The second speaker was Dr. Mark Spencer and he talked about Urban plants: their importance in a changing world. The main idea was that if plants were used in the right way they can be our allies. They can provide shade and soothe the atmosphere. Due to global warming many types of plants has been excessively spreading through cities. London Rocket is sort of a plan that is invading London because of global warming. Thousands of types of grass are being affected by global warming. By examining trends in plant growth, we have an idea of the effect of global warming on our environment. The third speaker was Dr. Tim Sparks and he talked about Dear diary: everyone can contribute to monitoring the effects of climate change. This is a summary of what Dr. Tim Spark said: Very little data would exist without volunteers acting independently or as part of networks. Historical data is valuable in examining temperature response, but much data lies scattered and in obscurity. Our ambition is to preserve and make available historic data for comparison with a continuing phonological network. Current data shows a large shift towards early timings in plant and animal cycles. Continued monitoring is necessary to identify change and potential problems with life cycles, competition and the food chain. Lunchtime. Then our group visited the Ice station Antarctica at the Natural History Museum. Londons green spaces: improving peoples access to nature By Shirley Mitchell. The thing that really took my attention over here is that 42% of Londons citizens said that London isn’t a green city. Short break. Then it was Question time and I asked: Q: I asked Mr. Colin Butfield. Are their any volunteers working on the WWF? If so how can anyone become a part of it? He said they do have volunteers working with them and he asked me where am I from. I told him that Im from Libya. He said that they don’t have offices in Libya but they are doing some work over there and he took my E-mail address and said he would see what he could do. Summit closes for the day. Depart on foot and went to high street Kensington. Shopping. Shopping ends we met Eleanor outside of the McDonald. Depart by coach to a pizza restaurant. Dinner. Dinner ends. Depart on foot to London eye for embarkation. We returned by coach back to the Bait hall Lights off time to bed. Day three of student summit. We met Eleanor and went to have breakfast. Breakfast ends. Arrive to the NHM. Review of the last day. The first speaker was Mr. Ken Livingstone The mayor of London and he was talking about Climate change: the challenge of the 21st century. Something the mayor of London said really amazed me: â€Å"We don’t need new technology. We have what we need. We simply need the political will and we can reduce our carbon footprint by 80-90%. He was 100% right. The mayor of London made really clear points. He said that London is the only city that has increased in population by 10% but seen no increase in the carbon emissions. He also mentioned that there should be a small carbon taxes on air travel and this will produce for sure the air travel carbon footprint. Break time. The Second speaker was Mr. Peter Head, Director of ARUP The development of low carbon green cities. Mr. Peter Head was talking about the first eco-city (dongtan) and he said that it is one of six and the first phase of development is due to be completed in 2010. The eco-city will have a lower footprint than any other city thanks to its perfect designing. China hopes that eco-cities will help to remove humanity from the industrial age to the ecological age within the 50 next years. The third speaker was Ms. Brenda Boardman; Head of lower carbon Futures team at Environmental change Institute, Oxford University Personal carbon allowances. The idea was to give each person a specific amount of carbon that they can use whichever way they want and this amount is written on there carbon cards but some questions need to be asked first. How much should individuals be allowed? Should all individuals be given the same amount? Are children different in their carbon needs from adults? If this happened then it will produce the countrys carbon footprint. Those carbon cards should look like this. Lunchtime. The fourth speaker was Ms. Tatiana Bosteels, London Climate Change Agency moving towards a low carbon London The fifth speaker was Mr. Adrian Hewitt, Merton borough Council the power of local government to combat climate change. Short break. Questions time and I asked the mayor of London before he leaves. Q: Are those hydrogen buses going to be used all over Europe and will it ever going to be possible to make any sort of law that will force the other countries to use them? The answer was that those buses will be used in London in the next two years also in Europe very soon but we will not be able to force other countries to use them. Although since we are the first who invented those buses then this will create an international market and will be open for sail all over the world. Summit closes. After that we made our way to the hydrogen buses in front of the Natural History Museum and it took us in a tour on over London and put us back into the Imperial college. Evening ends. Lights off and time to sleep. Last day we had breakfast hugs and goodbyes then checkout and it was time to go to the airport. And finely†¦ Because a green city is a dream that comes in the minds of all those who cares about environment.. And it’s a dream I hope that I could bring it to realty to make my city greener.. So it can survive from the other problems that other cities are already having. I wish to be like a green hand that is digging over here and there. I wish to be the mind that tells the people what to do to make theyre cities greener. I wish that I could do all that while Im provided with all the knowledge that the British council could provide me with either working inside or outside of Libya. Research Papers on International Student SummitAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Class work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Class work - Assignment Example ividuals also have a good social support network that they feel comfortable leaning on in times of difficulty† (Towson University: Relational Wellness, 2010, par. 1). One strongly believes that there is eminent strength and wellness through relationships with family and friends. They current provide the needed boost to pursue diverse endeavors and also encourage one to express personal feelings and emotions which is needed to support and sustain various activities in life. On the other hand, exemplifying the weakest dimension is in the financial wellness area. As disclosed in the resources page, â€Å"people with high financial well-being may have a lot of money or a little, but either way they are able to live within their means, not spending more money than they have. They are aware of where their money goes, and they have a budget that they stick to, as well as a long-range financial plan. They are aware of and meet their financial obligations and generally have a comfortable relationship with money† (Towson University: Financial Wellness, 2012, par. 1). Therefore, since one is lowest in this dimension, the traits indicated herein are oppositely applied to one’s personal experience. The current economic and financial difficulties contribute to this weakness as one needs to support various activities that could be be fully sustained by one’s level of income. From among the strategies revealed from the resources page, as could be applied to people found to have weaknesses in this dimension, the following were worth noting: (1) planning for future financial independence; (2) reducing one’s credit card debt, if any; (3) making a game of saving money; (4) read about strategies for increasing one’s financial wellness; and (5) talking with a parent, counselor, or advisor about how to improve one’s financial situation (Towson University: Financial Wellness, 2012). The resources page provide ample strategies where one could improve financial wellness, as

Chronic Diabetic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chronic Diabetic - Research Paper Example There are several core signs and symptoms by which chronic diabetes due to hyperglycemia is identified including increased urination, increased hunger, weight loss and increased thirst. In addition to these symptoms, damaged eyes/impaired vision and eventual blindness, renal failure, impotence, foot disorders (due to insufficient blood flow to legs) and nervous system impairment are the long-term effects of hyperglycemia. Chronic diabetes also exposes one to risks of developing stroke, kidney disease, and heart disease. From the causes, signs, and symptoms of chronic diabetes, it is quite apparent that the central way of treating or managing the condition is by lowering the elevated levels of blood sugar to the normal levels. This lowering of blood sugar level not only assists in improving the signs and symptoms of the disease but also prevents/delays the setting in of the myriad complications associated with chronic diabetes. It is not enough to beware of and implement the necessary interventions to realize normal blood sugar levels: more should be done by way of proper, patient-centered, well-coordinated and comprehensive interventions, caring for and treating chronic diabetics. Chiefly at risk of contracting chronic diabetes and other serious and life-threatening conditions are older adults amongst whom most of the life-threatening conditions often associated with chronic diabetes are observed to be more widespread. It has also been observed that many years of undetected or untreated unusually high blood sugar levels. is responsible for widespread chronic diabetes in older adults. Thus, it is imperative that victims of chronic diabetes under formal and informal care should be encouraged to practise good chronic diabetes

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management accounting - Essay Example Some managers and staff workers in the organisation are being evaluated using the income statement,balance sheet and the statement of cash flows as benchmarks.Some managers use the balance sheet to determine if all the customers have already paid their dues on timeSome managers would stop sending goods on account to customers who have large over due receivables In addition, some companies use different tools or criteria to determine if the managers have been doing profitably or beautifully. The following paragraphs will explain in detail this introductory.First, the management team has a problem with its working capital. working capital is arrived at by subtracting total current assets from total current liabilities. The total current assets include cash on hand, cash in bank and petty cash funds. The current assets also includes accounts receivable as well as notes receivable. The current assets also includes inventory end generated from current year purchases and beginning of the y ear inventory count. One problem in this situation is that the management team has a lot of write -offs. This simply means that the company has not been able to collect the receivables from the clients for one reason or another. Write offs are done only if the possibility of collecting the receivables is impossible because of the customers' bankruptcy, transfer to another location so that collection of the account owed by the customer cannot be pursued. The write offs result to a reduction in the accounts receivable. a reduction in the accounts receivable results to a reduction in the current ratio. A reduction in the current ratio indicates that the company is not doing well in terms of the balance sheet presentation for the current year. Likewise, the collection of only fifty percent of the amount collectible shows that the management team has lost fifty percent of its receivables amount. There are two ways to treat this lack of payment by the customer. One way is to record the fifty percent payment as a debit to cash and a credit to accounts receivable. The management then retains the remaining fifty percent uncollected accounts receivable from the disgruntled employee in the current assets section of the balance sheet. This would not result to an increase or decrease in the current assets portion of the balance sheet for the year (Fazzari 1993, 328). This would be a good accounting procedure to follow because it is what is the normal process as stated in the international accounting standards. On the other hand, a conservative approach to this situation would be to record the fifty percent payment from the unsatisfied customers as full payment of the original amount contracted. This would give us a reduction in the accounts receivable. Consequently, this would result to a decrease in the working capital of the management team. This will not give a good impression of the management team. The head of the management team was completely surprised when he or she received the fifty -percent payment. The surprise was due to the management team leader's expectation that the management team would receive the entire one hundred percent of the job done. The management team leader had to console himself or herself that the lack of payment was because the customer was dissatisfied with their job. The customer explained that the management team was not paid the entire management consultancy fee because the management team did not reach its pre -agreed targets. The profit center manager who is also the head of the management team feels that his department should not be dependent another department to save it from financial distress. The profit center manager is tasks to produce his or her department's income statement and balance sheet. Here, the profit center (may also be called a department must not ask for dole -outs or free rides from the other departments within the

Methods to improve personal and professional skills

Methods to improve personal and professional skills Methods to improve personal and professional skills Successful jobs and promotions seekers recognize their degrees and work experience are not enough to distinguish them from the crowded field of candidates. Though college degrees, professional certificates and experience help you meet the minimum criteria to apply, once you get the chance to interview your demonstrated communication, self management and behavioral skills combined with your presence is what will distinguish you from the competition. Your level of professionalism will relate directly to the degree to which you will RISE ABOVE THE CROWD! We may be a valued employee but if our skills and contributions dont accelerate over the years, especially in tough time like credit crunch, we may find our self out of a job. Its good that the boss likes you, but when are up against serious challenges to the ongoing success of the company, being a liked, known quantity is not enough. The only way we could find successful carrier by Exploring and evaluate methods to improve personal and professional skills and explore methods to improve them. Moreover, company must visualize our talents and contributions as essential to the companys future success. If we are doing a decent job, our reporting employees like and get along with us, and the job is getting done, well likely coast for a little. Change is difficult even when change would be beneficial the organization. Personal skill is something which is the inner responsibility and self esteem. If we take some aspects of personal skill it can be categorized into the followings: Carefulness: This is what we can say think before acting. This helps with reducing the chance for costly errors, as well as keeping a steady workflow going. [1] Cooperation: It is the willingness to cooperate in a working environment with your colleagues or work mates. Creativity: This is the thinking and imagination or you can say different perception in order to bring something positive in the organisation. It is also called as ‘thinking out of box. Discipline: This includes the ability to complete the task with enthusiastic and determined way without being distracted or bored. Drive: Every business needs people with the drive and ‘to do attitude for their growth. Good attitude: This has been shown to predict counter productive work behaviors, job performance and theft. Goodwill: This is a long term record of the person who has got some well-intentioned remarks on his behalf. Influence: This includes the motivational power to influence people in order to maintain a good working team. A strong leader can influence a mass and carry out them in a way to reap gain. Optimism: Productivity is directly proportional to positive attitude which is the optimism. Order: This show the proper placement of thing in order to retrieve them easily when and wherever it is needed. Safe work behavior: Every organisation needs people with knowledge of self protection and safety rules. These include the general fire alarm and first-aid knowledge. Savvy: This is about knowledge about your co-workers behavior and personality and way of dealing with them. It includes a tendency to read other peoples motives from observed behavior and use this information to guide ones thinking and action. Sociability: This is all about socializing while working in the work place. The more you socialize the better less job tensions and more productivity. Stability: This means a tendency to maintain composure and rationality in stressful work situations. The Professional skills are as followings: COMMUNICATION: It is again can be divided into two parts- Verbal and Non Verbal (or Written). [2] Oral- Public speaking, general conversation, seminars, conferences, presentations, workshops and negotiation. Written- Letters, proposals, reports, speeches, manuals, press releases, articles for periodicals and publications PROBLEM SOLVING: It is the skill needed by the employer in order to work efficiently in times when the situation demands and no one there to help. It also can be taking initiative in case of a problem while others find it hard to tackle. It can be classified as followings: [3] Trouble shooting- Problem identification, problem analysis and problem resolution Personnel- Employee morale and satisfaction, productivity and efficiency, work simplification and work flow improvement Customer and Public Relations- Liaison and coordination, improvement in customer service and satisfaction and client support. Personal and Professional development plan Most importantly it is crucial to remember that personal and professional development need to be intentional if they are to result improve individual and organization effectiveness. Plans should connect individual and institution need to meaningful activities. Outcome associated with those activities should be evaluated. Professional development is incomplete without continue professional development (CPD).This normally assists us to orient our self to the subject and in the course of doing so, CPD is a process by which individuals take control of their own learning and development. This progression is empowering and exciting and can inspire people to achieve their goal and move toward their dreams. CPD core concept is the we (as an employee) is in control, CPD is holistic process and can address all aspects of life and balance between them, regular looking forward how we want to be, reflecting on how we are working from our present position towards the future direction, helps in achieving CPD`s purpose and adds hunger and direction to work and learning. CPD works if we have the support and financial backing of our employer and it also works even if the employer is unconcerned or hostile.(Megginson, Whitaker,2003) Value of competence framework in an organisation ïÆ'Ëœ Make companies recruitment process more successful by using competencies to establish the crucial match between job candidates and the demand of the role. ïÆ'Ëœ Manage employees performance more effectively by using competencies to provide performance benchmarks and identify those employees with potential. ïÆ'Ëœ Design a more appropriate training and development programme by using competencies to identify learning needs. ïÆ'Ëœ Improve motivation by using competencies to clarify the link between pay and performance. (Amstrong,2000) Value of competence framework in individuals ïÆ'Ëœ It help to develop and define competencies that are a valuable management tool, providing a common language and framework for understanding organizations performance. ïÆ'Ëœ Explore how to select the competency model that best suits organizations need. ïÆ'Ëœ Helps to understand the fundamental components involved in designing an effective competency framework. ïÆ'Ëœ Effectively implement the competency framework to ensure it contributes organization success. ïÆ'Ëœ Helps to overcome the critical challenges that so often effective implementation ïÆ'Ëœ Improve professional experience through discussions. ( Amstrong,2000) Importance of Planning We tend to use any excuse not to get down to work, and one is uncertainty over where to begin; â€Å"Shall I do this or that?† And the uncertainty becomes an excuse for doing something else and in the end we would be running around like headless chickens not knowing what to do next. So its highly imperative to plan in advance so that there will be clear structure of how to execute the particular task successfully. The simple expedient of writing a list of various things to do and the order in which you are going to do them can save a considerable amount of time. Although it is important not be overly ambitious while planning as you can always do something extra at the end if time permits. When you make a list of everything you have to do the following day, your subconscious mind works on that list all night long and when you wake up next day, you will be able to generate more insights and develop strategies to help accomplish the task in hand. It will also help to use manpower , opportunities and resources you need to achieve your goals and complete the assignment successfully. So planning well in advance is necessary and recommended because it eradicates all the doubts and ambiguity regarding the task and helps an individual to forge ahead and complete the task in the best possible way. [6] Stress management techniques Job stress and its related conditions, job burnout, contribute to poor physical and mental health. Employee stress is a source of discomfort and a major concern to managers and stockholders. According to research, a worker stress cost $300 billion annually due to lot of productivity, increase workers compensation claims, and anxiety in general of dread, fear or worry for no immediate reason, and is a symptom of stress. Behavioral symptoms include nervous habits, such as facial twitching, and sudden decreases in job performance due to forgetfulness and errors in concentration or judgment. The control techniques consist of both actions and mental evaluations that help people take change in stress situation. (a) Get social support- Few people can do it alone when experiencing prolonged stress. Receiving social support encouragement, understanding and friendship- from other people is an important strategy for coping successfully with job stress. (b) Improve your work habit- This technique can be used for improving your personal productivity to reduce stress. People typically experience stress when they feel themselves losing control of their work assignments. Conscientious employees are especially prone to negative stress when they cannot get their work under control. (c) Develop positive self talk- Stress resistant people are basically optimistic and cheerful. This kind of positivism can be learned by switching to positive talk instead of thinking about negative thoughts. (d) Demand less than perfection from yourself- By demanding les than 100% performance than yourself, you will fail less frequently in your own perception. Not measuring up to ones own unrealistically high standards creates a considerable amount stress. Few human can operate with zero defects or ever achieve six-sigma perfection. (e) Strive not to neglect aspects of life outside of work- There is a big difference between a negative type of workaholic and a person who simply works hard and long to achieve constructive goals. A negative workaholic usually becomes anxious when not working. When a person neglects other aspects of life outside of work, such as spending time with family, friends and physical exercise, the person is more likely to suffer from stress symptoms such as irritability and lack of focus. [7] References : 1. www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?/pdf/(cited 10 July 2009) 2. www.communicationskills.co.in/t (cited 10 July 2009) 3. Robson , Continuous process improvement: simplifying work flow , p37 4. Continuing professional development, by David Megginson, Vivien Whitaker,2003 5. Performance management: key strategies and practical guidelines‎ by Michael Armstrong Limited preview 2000 6. Goals! How to get everything you want- faster than you ever thought possible, ‘Manage your time well by Brian Tracy, PP 165-166 7. Essentials of management by Andrew J DuBrin,, 7th edition, 2005, pp 18-28. Key questions for the Pragmatist Q1 Shall I be learning to do things with obvious practical links to my job? A1 It is easier to learn from experience when you can actually relate your learning to real life experience. When you have actually gone through the experience, you will be able to pick out and isolate the flaws and rectify it. Q2 Will the learning approach includes lots of practical tips and techniques? A2 After going through all the theory, techniques and concepts, it is imperative to have a reality check and test the practicality of the theories and concepts. it is very useful to learn practical tips and techniques along with the theory. Q3 Will there be ample opportunities to practice and experiment using â€Å"live† problems or good simulations? A3 There will be sufficient opportunities to practice and experiment during your learning but the most important thing is to understand the concept. A single practical experiment could able to solve a hundred theory questions. So even if there is no exact practical solution to a particular problem, you can always correlate it to previous experience and could find out the solution. Q4 Will there be coaching and feedback from a credible expert or role model: ie someone who is successful and can do what is being taught themselves? A4. An experienced person has the wealth of knowledge and expertise which he can share to the budding managers. And at the same time his feedback to a particular solution is equally important. Q5 Will there be an immediate real life application which can be included in my action plans? A5 It will be very useful you could include immediate real life application into you action plan because then It become more easier and the Individual will be able to perform the task in the best possible way. Q6 Will it contribute to the immediate performance of myself and my colleagues by addressing current problems? A6. It will not only contribute to the immediate performance but also have a positive impact on the future performance of an individual or a team by addressing current problems. Personal Development Plan A PDP is just a different name for an action plan which refers specifically to your aspirations regarding personal development. Plans are made every day, but are not always written down and for those reasons PDP are drawn which allows you to set your own personal targets and find the best possible way to achieve them. An action plan will help you to envisage what you are doing and keep track of your achievements. To be totally effective, it must be reviewed at regular intervals to ensure that it is always precise, appropriate and pragmatic. [1] Personal development plan is a key component in the future working practice of all professionals. In the future, educational provision should be based on educational needs assessment. This means that the individual and the organisation must find a method to identify their educational needs and then methods to fulfil those needs for the benefit of the company. These plans are designed to structure educational activity of managers and their teams and to accomplish specific areas of development within the practice. They should take into account the individuals learning needs, the developmental needs of the practice as a whole and the priorities of the company. It consists of the following plan: †¢ Specifying how the learning needs are identified. †¢ The educational activity proposed to meet those needs †¢ How the plan will be addressed. Balancing the development needs of the managers to meet the needs of individual team members is sometimes difficult. Through Professional Development Plan individuals can start to understand why some areas of practice activity are given priority over others and how the decision was made. [2] What skills do you need to develop to do the job better? Are these shortcomings in your management capacities that you need to try to address? Are these projects or special assignments that you could get involved in that could strengthen you skills? Are there formal courses or programs that could strengthen your capabilities? It is especially critical that you do this when you are making key career passages. If you are a first time manager, get in the habit early of asking your boss for feedback and help in developing supervisory skills. Your willingness to seek candid feedback on your strength and weakness and, critically, your ability to act on the feedback send a powerful message. The same fundamental principle holds whether you are becoming a manager for the first time, functional leader, a general manager, or CEO. Whenever you are at a point in your career when success demands a different set of skills and attitudes, discipline yourself to be open to learning from others who ha ve gone before you. Dont restrict your focus on hard skills. The higher you rise, the more important the key soft skills of cultural and political diagnosis, negotiation, coalition building, and conflict management will become. Formal training can help, but development assignments- in project teams, in new parts of organisation, in different functions, in different locations- are indispensible in honing these key managerial skills. For example, no matter what type of situation you are entering, it can be useful to put together a 90- day plan and to get buy-in from your boss. Usually you will be able to devise a plan after a couple of weeks in the new job, when you have begun to connect with the organisation and to get the lay of the land. Your 90-day plan should be written, even if it just consists of bullet points. It should specify priorities and goals as well as milestones. Critically, you should share it with your boss and seek buy-in for it. It should serve as a contract betwee n the two of you about how you are going to spend your time, spelling out both what you will do and what you will not do. To begin to develop your plan, divide the 90 day into three blocks of 30-days. At the end of each block, you will have a review meeting with your boss. [3] In development programmes, there is an emphasis on personal development and planned learning from experience. Personal development programme is carried out by individual with guidance, encouragement and help from their managers as required. A personal development plan sets out the actions people prepare to take to learn and develop themselves. They take responsibility for formulating and implementing the plan, but they receive support from the organisation and their managers in doing so.Personal Development Programme consists of following stages 1. Analyse current situation and development needs What am I good at? a. Communication Skills b. Sincerity and Hardworking attitude c. Creativity What do I need to work on? a. Personal Organisation b. Leadership Skills c. Decision Making What could help me along? a. Taking responsibility for the activities of others during work experience. b. Setting priorities and meeting deadlines. c. Organising various activities and events. What could stop me? a. Lack of resources (money/time). b. Lack of concentration and focus. 2. Set Goals- These could include improving performance in the current job, improving or acquiring skills, extending relevant knowledge, developing specified areas of competence and preparing for changes in the current role. The most appropriate way or organising work is to set short term goals, medium term goals and long term goals. 3. Prepare action plan- The action plan sets out what needs to be done and how it will be done under headings such as outcome expected, the development activities, the responsibility for development and timing. Reference 1. www.learning-forces.org.uk//PERSONAL%20DEVELOPMENT%20PLANS2.doc, (cited 22 August 2009. 2. Personal Development and Practice Professional Development Plans in Primary Care Sector, by Derek Gallan, Glyns Buckle, 2001, pp 3-12. 3. The first 90 days: critical success strategies for new leaders at all levels By Michael Watkins, 2003, pp120-143. 4. A handbook of Human Resource Management Practices By Micheal Armstrong, 2001, pp 571-580.

Oedipus the King Essay -- Classics Oedipus King Essays

Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is the perfect example of a tragedy. It contains a complete combination of all the features of a tragedy. Aristotle in his Poetics[1] defines Oedipus as being 'a definite example of the form and purpose of tragedy'. In tragedies the Greeks dramatized climactic events in the lives of heroes, and Oedipus' story is no exception. By using many different literary devices it brings moral dilemmas of action and motive to the public stage. The action is set out over the timeframe of one day, which will according to the prophet Tiresias will bring Oedipus' 'birth' and 'destruction'. King Oedipus is the central protagonist and within his character lies a tragic flaw. He is unintentionally the architect of his own downfall. The strengths that once lead him to solve the riddle behind the sphinx later lead him to his own downfall. In the words of the priest; 'you helped us stand, only to fall once more'. Oedipus' hamartia is his anger. It lies at the root of the plot. It was fury that lead him to kill Laius. He was about to thrust Oedipus off the road one night, so Oedipus 'paid him back with interest' by murdering him. Another flaw is a persistent desire to discover the truth. His 'mindless stubbornness' motivates him to seek the truth about Laius' killer and who his father is. This search leads to the turn of events that take place throughout the play. Despite constant denial of his fate he cannot deny the work of the gods. Tiresias delivers him a prophecy of this fate. Oedipus' circumstances are far beyond his own control. No matter what he attempts to do or alter every path leads the same way. He finds himself 'always terrified Apollo's' oracle might come true'. However he is determined to seek out the Kings murderer to punish him. This search interlinks with the search for his father. Jocasta also tries to deny destiny believing that 'nothing human can penetrate the future'. She claims to believe that 'It's all chance, chance rules our lives'. However fate inevitably takes over. Through the process of anagorsis Oedipus discovers he is in fact the very criminal he seeks. Along with this he realises further truth in the prophecy, that he is married to his mother. Jocasta also comes to realise the same truth. By the end of the play his final downfall along with hers is inevitable. Tragic iro... ...loins that spawned my wretched life. What grief can crown this grief? It's mine alone, my destiny - I am Oedipus!' These two statements show the peripeteia of Oedipus' life. Once a hero basked in glory, he has now succumbed to his destiny. In turn he is lowered to a truly pathetic state. His altered state serves to highlight the reversal of fortune he undergoes. His tragic flaw leads him to acknowledging his fate. Oedipus' downfall comes as he tries to escape fate but cannot. The audience knows this as does the chorus and we can only watch. Oedipus the King contains nothing outside of the definition; it's just pure Tragedy at the very core. It also confirms to Aristotle's theory of Tragedy. It obeys all the rules and the elements of Tragedy mentioned throughout. These features entwine together to create the ultimate work of Tragedy. From all of this it is unquestionable that the word 'tragedy' is a usefully accurate description of Sophocles' play Oedipus the King. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] W.B. Worthen, The Harcourt Brace Anthology of Drama, 3rd Edition (USA, Harcourt College Publishers, 2000), p 72.

Into the Wild Essay

You will have 45 minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic assigned below. Before you begin writing, read the passage carefully and plan what you will say. Your essay should be as well-organized and carefully written as you can make it. I think that Chris McCandless was bright and ignorant at the same time. He had no common sense, and he had no business going into Alaska with his Romantic silliness. He made a lot of mistakes based on arrogance. I don’t admire him at all for his courage nor his noble ideas. Really, I think he was just plain crazy. Shaun Callarman Explain Callarman’s argument and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with his analysis. Support your position, providing reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading. The sample student essays that follow reflect the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for their respective scores. Sample student essay with a score of 6: Life: Not an Episode of â€Å"Grizzly Man† Yes, living alone in the wilderness like Thoreau and London sounds exciting, especially if you fake a big part of your adventures or if you can pack up and go home when you get too hungry. Chris McCandless doesn’t have these options, but Shaun Callarman believes that Chris is full of â€Å"Romantic silliness,† and by this statement I think he means that Chris goes into Alaska seeing only the good parts of the wilderness experience. Like Callarman, I believe that Chris has a head full of â€Å"Romantic ideas† and that he lacks â€Å"common sense† although I would not call him â€Å"plain crazy.† When Chris decides to map some part of the Alaskan wilderness that’s already been mapped, he is definately showing â€Å"Romantic silliness.† Callarman is right about this; it doesn’t seem very courageous to me to waste time doing work that someone else has already done! I would want to spend my time doing something more useful. The wilde rness in Alaska is being ruined with oil pipes and spills. Chris could of taken some of his â€Å"noble ideas† and used them to better the area. By spending his energy for a good cause, he would not have seemed so arrogant and ignorant, as Callarman states. It might have  felt romantic to him to draw his own map, but he was staying in a bus, so it seems pretty clear to me that somebody else had been there already. Also, Callarman says that Chris â€Å"made a lot of mistakes base on arrogance.† I agree; Chris does make a lot of errors. For instance, he brings the wrong kind of gun, the wrong kind of clothes, too many books and not enough food. What is the purpose of his reading and his library research in Alaska if he’s not going to be willing to take advise? So yes, Chris’s mistakes maybe coming from an arrogant brain. On the other hand, Chris did show some â€Å"noble ideas,† in contrast to what Callarman states. He tries to keep other people from getting involved with him by not letting them get too close. In addition, he really did kill a moose and not a carabou, as some people made fun of him for doing. Finally, he lives a lot longer out in the wilderness than most people could! Chris is definately a bizarre mix of qualities, as Callarman argues, but now that I think about it Chris is not really as bad as he looks. Being young (high school and college) is suppose to be the time of our lives for Romantic silliness. Aren’t we suppose to be idealists during this time? I would not want my plans and dreams to be called â€Å"arrogant† or â€Å"ignorant,† because they’re impo rtant to me and I want them to come true. All in all, with his bad family life and sketchy role models like London, Chris did not do too bad. I do feel sorry for his parents and sister and friends, but his life is a lesson for all of us to be careful but to follow our dreams as much as we can. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 6. The superior response indicates that the writer is very well prepared to handle college-level reading and writing. The writer offers a concise and accurate explanation of the Callarman quotation and effectively addresses all aspects of the prompt. The essay demonstrates a thorough, critical understanding of the passage, invoking Callarman both directly and indirectly, integrating quoted material smoothly, and using the Callarman quotation to guide the writer’s response. The essay consistently and insightfully negotiates between Callarman and the writer, even to the extent that the writing itself functions to modify the writer’s position as the essay progresses. With a few exceptions (see the second paragraph, for example) the writer uses transitions appropriately and effectively, both within and between  paragraphs, to guide the reader through the essay. The writer offers specific, accura te, and relevant examples (the map, the insufficient clothing and food, too many books) to support the essay’s points. The writer concludes the essay by referring to London again at the end and bringing the essay full circle. The essay’s paragraphs get shorter toward the end as the writer perhaps begins to rush, yet they are generally unified, focused, and well developed. The writer has learned to write in the literary present tense, with only some wavering of verb tense (especially toward the end of the essay). The essay is generally free of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, except for minor slips (such as â€Å"definately† and â€Å"maybe† versus â€Å"may be†) that do not interfere with meaning. Sample student essay with a score of 5: Into the Wild Essay Shaun Callarman does not have much good to say about Chris McCandless. He believes that he, â€Å"was bright and ignorant at the same time,† meaning that Chris was smart; just smart enough to get himself killed in Alaska. Callarman also believes that Chris, â€Å"was just plain crazy,† which I think is taking his argument too far. I agree that Chris was foolish and made mistakes based on arrogance, but I don’t think he was crazy. Chris was just a bad combination of brains and stupidity. A college graduate should know enough to prepare for the wilderness. Who goes to a cold and distant place like Alaska with a backpack full of books and a bag of rice? He had enough money to buy the stuff he needed, why not spend some of his savings on a $5 map? His $24,000 would of bought him a lot of equiptment and food. People kept trying to buy him equiptment but each time he denied them. Is this being independent, or is it being stupid? I vote for stupid. Of course, Chris had a lot of problems that contributed to his decision to go into the wild. For example, his parent’s marriage was awful, and his dad’s double life must of been a huge shock. It seems that Chris did a lot of this to spite his parents, like lieing about his identity, ignoring letters from home, and badmouthing his Mom and Dad. There are lots of people like him that feel they have something to prove, so they go out and do something wreckless. Chris didn’t prove anything by going to Alaska, besides that he was an idiot. If he hated his Mom and Dad so much, maybe he should of just  gone somewhere and started a new life, maybe he should of taken his savings and bought a cabin in Alaska and been alone as long as he wanted instead of starving to death in a bus for innocent hikers to find later. If Chris is crazy, then so are a lot of other people, but he seems more foolish and even mean. For example, what about the way he treated the old man Ron? Ron really cared about Chris and he had already lost his entire family, but Chris tried to tell him how to live. After all that, he hit the road again and left Ron behind. This example shows that he only thinks of himself throughout the book, which just makes him like many others, dumb. Callarman lets him off too easy when he calls him â€Å"crazy†. If Chris was crazy, he could of been helped, but I believe he was mostly foolish and angry. He went to Alaska in a temper tantrum to show everyone, but he paid the biggest price in his death. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 5. The clear competence of the essay indicates that this writer is ready to handle college-level reading and writing. The writer provides a reasonable and clear thesis that responds to the prompt. The writer opens with an accurate summary of the Callarman passage, choosing to focus on the idea of whether or not Chris is crazy to develop a well-reasoned response. The writer shows some depth and complexity by attempting to consider opposing viewpoints in the third paragraph, although the logic wavers somewhat. The essay tends to overuse generalities (largely that McClandless was â€Å"dumb† or â€Å"stupid†), and some sections are underdeveloped. However, the writer does provide some specific examples (McClandless’ refusal to obtain equipment, his abandonment of Ron) to back up the essay’s assertions. The writer’s personal voice is lively and consistent throughout the essay. Transitions are occasionally awkward or missing, but the writer generally succeeds at using transitional language to guide the reader through the essay. The writer is able to reiterate the essay’s position in the final paragraph without being overly repetitive. The essay suffers from some errors of expression, such as spelling (â€Å"equiptment,† â€Å"lieing†), usage (â€Å"would of,† â€Å"should of†), mechanics (â€Å"his parent’s marriage†), semicolon use, pronoun confusion (the use of â€Å"he† in the first paragraph), and style (overuse of â€Å"a lot†), but these concerns do not generally detract from meaning. On the strong side,  this writer has learned to use a comma before coordinating conjunctions that connect independent clauses. Sample student essay with a score of 4: Chris McCandless was a risk-taker. He was a young man that wanted to be independent and live his life without anyone telling him what to do. Some people, such as Shaun Callarman, describe him as ignorant and arrogant. Others admire him for his ability to maintain his independence and live under his own control while maintaining his morals. Shaun Callarman says he was â€Å"bright and ignorant at the same time.† He had to have been bright. He read amazingly difficult books and followed their teachings as well. However, aside from calling him bright, Callarman also calls McCandless ignorant. Was McCandless ignorant for following the teachings of these books? No. He was just curious and obviously determined. Callarman states, â€Å"He had no common sense, and he had no business going into Alaska with his Romantic silliness.† I agree with what Callarman says in this passage. Common sense would have told him to bring the necessary supplies with him before attempting to go in to the wilderness of Alaska. I have been taught from a very young age to not go anywhere without my necessities, whether it be money, food, or water. I also have been taught to not go anywhere alone, especially if it is a huge risk. Chris McCandless ignored, or showed absolutely no common sense. I do not however think he was crazy. I do admire him for his ability to retain his morals and live his dreams out to their fullest potential. He took risks and in doing so was able to achieve what he most wanted. Independence. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 4. This adequate response to the topic suggests that the writer should be able to handle college-level reading and writing. The writer demonstrates a generally accurate understanding of the passage, although the writer struggles to understand some of Callarman’s points (i.e., how McCandless could be â€Å"bright and ignorant at the same time†). The essay delivers its thesis in the first sentence; this thesis is succinct and responds to the prompt. The first paragraph is brief but adequately set up, with the question, Was Chris independent or arrogant? posed through logic and transitional language (e.g., â€Å"Some people . . .† in the third sentence,  followed by â€Å"Others . . .† in the fourth). The writer quotes Callarman both directly and indirectly and attempts to incorporate quoted material smoothly with tag phrases, introductions, and other markers, although the quotati ons after the first paragraph are repetitive in terms of structure and logic. The essay as a whole is somewhat simplistic and repetitive. The final paragraph, for example, basically restates the thesis paragraph (first paragraph), and the body paragraphs tend to repeat their points as well. The logic in the essay is uneven, particularly in the third paragraph, where the essay seems to argue against its own thesis when the writer attempts to acknowledge Callarman’s â€Å"Romantic silliness† comment. The writer offers transitional language, although somewhat simplistic, within paragraphs (â€Å"however† is a prominent transition) but does not provide similar guidance for the reader between paragraphs. The examples from the text (reading hard books, leaving without necessities) are relevant but are general and underdeveloped. The essay generally demonstrates control of grammar, usage, and mechanics; in fact, this essay is a prime example of a paper that handles the English language quite competently but that struggles in other areas, such as organization and development. Sample student essay with a sc ore of 3: Chris McCandless was an adventourous man. Chris McCandless wanted to live his life to the fullest. Chris had changed his name to Alex the Supertramp. Alex wanted to live on the ‘road’. So he packed up all his belongings and burned his money. He unfortunaly died hundred and twelve days after he ‘hit the road’. Many people think of him as inspiration. While Others belived he was Crazy. I personally believe that Alex was an inspiration. An man by the name of Shawn Callarman had written a passage about Alex. Callarman writes â€Å"I think that Chris McCandless was bright and ignorant.† Callarman goes on to say that â€Å"I think he was just plain Crazy.† I disagree I believe Alex had a purpose in life. I believe that Alex had taken some time to think about his journey. Alex had a purpose in his life. I believe he wanted to show people how they can have goals and still acheive them. Even though he died on his Journey he left a ‘track’ b ehind. Alex had many pals along the way and he made a difference in their lives. Chris McCandless was an inspiration to me. Many people have their opinions of Chris. Chris’s story could lean  towards both ways. I believe that Chris MaCandless made a difference in a least one person’s life on his Journey. Chris McCandless was Crazy but he was not just a regular man. Chris McCandless was an inspiration to us all. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 3; however, it is a weak 3. Although the essay suggests developing competence, it is flawed in significant ways that suggest the writer needs additional practice before being able to succeed in college-level reading and writing. The writer makes limited use of the passage, focusing solely on the idea of McClandless’s potential craziness. The essay quotes Callarman by implication and without attribution in the final sentence of the first paragraph. It mentions Callarman directly only in the second paragraph by providing two quotations, the first of which is simply dropped in, then left unaddressed. The writer struggles to choose between two potential thesis statements (â€Å"I personally believe that Alex was an inspiration† and â€Å"I believe Alex had a purpose in life†), both contained in the second paragraph and reiterated but not supported elsewhere in the essay. The body paragraphs are a series of assertions that lack effective transitions. The writer has limited control of syntax and vocabulary, using a highly repetitive sentence structure throughout the essay, with constructions of similar length, grammatical structure, and simplicity (e.g., the first three sentences of the first paragraph open with the word â€Å"Chris†). The writer offers examples from the text that are accurate (McClandless’s changing his name, burning the money, making friends along the way), but these examples are often unspecific and are generally underdeveloped and undersupported. The writer struggles to maintain a consistent and appropriate verb tense throughout the essay. The essay suffers from an accumulation of errors, especially errors in spelling (â€Å"unfortuanly† and â€Å"belived†), punctuation (missing commas and misused single quotation marks), and erratic capitalization (â€Å"Others† and â€Å"Crazy†). Sample student essay with a score of 2: Into the Wild Essay Callarman’s argument is that he thinks that McCandless was bright but a the same time ignorant. He tries to said that he was dum by saying he was  ignorant. Also he try to said that McCandless didn’t have no business to go to Alaska. That he made Mistakes based on Pride. That he was just going there because he was Crazy he didn’t know why he was going there. I also agree with him because why he wanted to go to Alaska. Specialy when he didn’t have the right things to live in a place like that. He also was acting crazy that he didn’t even know what he was doing. He even die because he didn’t have no Food to eat. And he was acting weird with his parents and his brother and sister. Callamar made a good opinion about McCandless by saying that because he didn’t act like a normal person. I think he didn’t act like an adult. Specialy when he sent the Letters to his Family and his Friends. I think he did Miss his people he didn’ t wanted to assume he Miss them. He should to stay with his parents and never went to Alaska. McCandless did it wrong because he went to Alaska just because of his Romantic illness. That was not a good reason to just go away and live to another place were he would not live in good conditions. I think he could Forget about his Romantic illness and he could even get another person. But he even kill his own life which is not a good thing. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 2. The serious flaws here indicate that this writer will need considerable additional practice before being able to succeed in college-level reading and writing. This piece provides a good picture of a student whose ESL writing features are profoundly obscuring what would otherwise be a stronger (that is, a 3-level) essay. The writer demonstrates a basic understanding of the passage but focuses on repeating Callarman’s points without establishing a clear direction for the essay. The writer fails to respond to the prompt with a focused thesis. The first sentence of the second paragraph, â€Å"I also agree with him . . . † alludes to a potential thesis that has not yet been offered and that never appears explicitly in the essay. Although the writer attempts four body paragraphs, the paragraphs are not logically linked to one another. The writer attempts in the second paragraph to use transitiona l language to guide the reader through that particular paragraph, but the essay’s organization both within and between paragraphs is left largely to the reader to discern. The essay offers generalizations (â€Å"he was acting weird with his parents†) without providing specific support. The writer  lacks basic control of syntax (see the first sentence of the third paragraph) and vocabulary (â€Å"Romantic illness†), and some statements make no logical or syntactic sense at all (see the third sentence of the second paragraph and the first sentence of the third paragraph). The writer has serious and persistent errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics (spelling, erratic capitalization) that severely interfere with meaning. The problems many English learners have with idioms (â€Å"because why he wanted to go†), verb tenses (â€Å"he tries to said†), and verb forms (â€Å"he even kill his own life†) are pervasive and profoundly obscure meaning. Sample student essay with a score of 1: I sure do agree with Callarmans argument. She is absolutly right McCandless was bright and ignorant. And He defenatly had no common sense, he was one of those weird people you won’t expect. For my observation she gots the same thoughts as I do. I shure think defining terms allows me to cushion my position. The evidence that I will use is that He was writing all his up and down pants. In my point of view I think that McCnadless was avery unique guy. He even did things that no one would do. An example, work everywhere he stop use his name and give out half of his idenity. That is my point and answere for this paragraph. Commentary This essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guide’s criteria for a score of 1. The fundamental deficiencies of this essay clearly indicate that the writer needs much additional practice in order to be ready to succeed at college-level reading and writing. The writer agrees with the Callarman quotation without demonstrating any understanding of the passage. The writer fails to use the Callarman passage to develop a meaningful response to the prompt. The essay, at approximately 120 words, is seriously underdeveloped; statements of agreement with Callarman make up a considerable portion of the text. The digression about â€Å"cushion[ing] my position† contributes nothing to the minimal text the writer provides. The writer’s reflective statements about purpose are similarly wasted. The only evidence provided by the writer is McCandless’s evasive attitude toward self-identification at work, but even this example is so poorly expressed as to be nearly incoherent. The writer lacks basic control of syntax and vocabulary. The writer has serious and persistent errors in mechanics that severely interfere with meaning. Spelling and verb form errors are pervasive.