Managing Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Working Capital - Essay Example Fundamentally, the working capital is total current assets of GHS (Jain, p.13.4). Langabeer (2008) explained further that this is the â€Å"funds necessary to finance the conversion operating cycle for a hospital – from delivering services to receiving funds to paying invoices for materials used† (p.59). The net working capital, on the other hand, is the difference in GHS’s current assets and current liabilities or that portion of current assets that are financed with long-term funds (Jain, p.13.4). These conceptual s definitions underscore the requirement to manage working capital because it determines the ability of an institution such as GHS to pay its debt and enhance its value. According to Langabeer, it reflects the efficiency of a hospital in the manner it orders, stores and pay for goods and services, hence, â€Å"the key with working capital management is to match the amount of money needed in the short term with the amount of funds available and keep a ll other assets in assets with higher returns† (p.59). For instance, working capital management in GHS involves initiatives such as the investment in an equity fund or the purchase of property and the construction of a facility that would yield profitability. GHS’s treasurer plays an important role in the working capital management. This is highlighted by the fact that the working capital needs of GHS can be affected by several factors such as the nature of business, the seasonality of operations, the production policy, market conditions and the conditions of supply (Chandra, 2011, p.574). He must ensure an efficient management because it will inevitably lead to increased organizational performance, quality in service delivery and profitability. The activities follow the GHS working capital cycle, which – as in the case of all organizations – is a process in which it purchases or produces inventory, holds it for a time, and

Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease Essay Example for Free

Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease Essay How is the motor system organized? What are the neurological bases of Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The motor system of the human anatomy is mainly rooted in the interaction of the nervous and muscular system wherein the interaction between the organs involved in the two enables the human body to move and react towards its environment. Basically, the motor system is organized between these two systems wherein the control process is centralized on the brain while the enactment of the movement is done in the muscle involved. In the brain, the motor control for voluntary movements is produced in the pyramidal system, which consists of two long neuron systems. These two systems are the upper motor neurons located in the primary motor cortex and the lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Another important system in the brain is the extrapyramidal motor system located in the midbrain. This system is responsible for dampening erratic motions, maintaining muscle tone and truncal ability. Another important region is the vestibular system, which is synaptically linked to the extrapyramidal system. This system controls the balance of the general body system and while doing movement. In addition is the cerebellum, which controls the muscle activity, tone, and equilibrium. In each of these systems in the brain, significant motor processes are produced and relayed into each region thus, producing the effective and logical reaction and movement of the human anatomy towards his or her environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Relevant to the healthy motor system of the human body is the condition of the different regions and systems involved in the processing of the motor movement impulses. In this aspect, the common diseases relative to body movement impairment are based on their neurological damage in the brain. The Parkinson’s disease in particular, which is a movement disorder, affects the basal ganglia region in the brain resulting to deterioration of relay of motor impulses. These influences in the significant brain regions manifest in conditions of muscle rigidity, slowing to loss of physical movement in extreme cases, tremor, and others, which are the characteristic of Parkinson’s disease. The Huntington’s disease is also a degenerative condition characterized by abnormal body movements and lack of coordination. This condition is rooted on the expansion of the altered form of Htt protein called mutant Huntingtin which results to cell death in most critical regions in the brain. These cellular deaths results to the reduction of impulse relay in the brain and the processing ability of the motor regions. This abnormal cellular death in the brain region affects the physical and cognitive ability of the human body characterized by the disease. In general, the degenerative health conditions affecting the body movement are mainly rooted on the abnormal development in the critical brain regions directly related to the motor system.   Bibliography Binder, M. D. (1999). Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement (Progress in Brain Research). Elsevier Science Publication. 1st Edition. ISBN-10: 0444502882.

Protection Against Elderly Mistreatment

Protection Against Elderly Mistreatment Elder Mistreatment Laws Carolyn M. Hay Elder mistreatment is an issue that receives more recognition every year, but what many may not know on the subject are the laws and actions taken against elder mistreatment. In the United States, they take this issue quite seriously and have several acts that contribute to the research and prevention of elder mistreatment. They also provide services to help those who are victims of elder abuse and give justice to those who have been hurt. These laws include the Older Americans Act, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, and the Elder Justice Act. Each of these acts have their own personal mission and provide services to the elders who have been abused or mistreated, whether at home or in a healthcare setting. What is very concerning is that not many people, adults and elders alike, know about these laws and do not reach out for help when it is there for them. Older Americans should be aware of these laws and what each of them provides in terms of protection from abuse and also justi ce for the abuse done unto them. The first act is the Older Americans Act (OAA) that was passed in 1965. This act is what created the Administration on Community Living (ACL) whose mission is to, â€Å"develop a comprehensive, coordinated, cost effective system of home and community-based services that helps elderly individuals maintain their health and independence in their homes and communities† (Dong, 2012, p. 2152). But what does this entail exactly? Well the OAA gives grants to the states and local agencies for research and community planning programs for aging and elder abuse. The act has four parts to it that relate to elder mistreatment including Titles II, III, IV, and VII. Title II of the OAA states that the ACL must select someone to be in charge of the research, planning, and developing of elder abuse programs. Title III says that states must have a plan for the grants before they can receive them and then provides them with the grant. Title IV allows the ACL to give grant money for outreach progr ams and projects that relate to elder abuse. Lastly, Title VII makes the ACL give grants to state agencies to educate the community on elder abuse, including caregivers and other professionals. This title also makes the state have someone to take care of the legal services associated with elder abuse and protection. Overall, what the OAA act does is mandates these elder abuse programs in the states and provides the funding for them (Dong, 2012, p. 2152-2153). The second act is the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, or known as the Nursing Home Reform Act, and was passed in 1987. This law was made to ensure the highest quality care for the elderly living in nursing homes. â€Å"The law ‘provides federal statutory protection for residents in certified nursing facilities†¦Residents have the right to privacy, information on medical changes, the right to voice grievances without discrimination, and accommodation of physical, emotional, and social needs,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Watson, 2013, p. 41). Because of this protection, this law is considered to be the most important law that deals with elder abuse. This seems plausible, because many reported cases of elder abuse occur in long term care facilities and nursing homes. This law is substantial because it makes it okay for the elderly living in nursing homes to protect themselves and receive the highest quality care that they deserve (Watson, 2013, p.41). The most recent and last act is the Elder Justice Act, which was passed in 2010 as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This act allows a federal response to elder abuse through community services to help with the prevention, detection, and treatment of it. This act was the first time that Congress addressed elder mistreatment at the federal level. One of the several great parts of this act is the creation of a Nation Training Institute for Surveyors and the provision of grants to the state survey agencies. These surveys are conducted on long-term care facilities for their care of the patients and the health of the residents to make sure that the minimum standards are being met. This is great because these agencies could detect elder abuse in the facility and take necessary action to protect the residents living there. Hopefully this act will lead to bigger and better things in terms of justice for elder abuse in the United States (Colello, 2014, p. 2-9). Now we know what is being done in present time to prevent elder abuse and give justice to those who have been abused, but what needs to be done in the future? First of all, more research needs to be done on the population of the United States to look at the incidence of elder abuse and the risk factors associated with elder abuse. New research should focus on the risk factors associated with the elderly, like dementia, and also the risk factors associated with the abuser, like the work setting. Secondly, the United States must look at elder mistreatment across all cultures and minorities in the country. Again, this research needs to focus on the risk factors and the incidence of elder abuse within each minority. Another factor that needs to be looked at is the rates for which elder abuse is being reported in each minority. With this information we can hope to get a better understanding of elder abuse across the United States, including all of the different minorities and cultures tha t coincide there. With a better understanding, we can raise awareness in all cultures about elder abuse and what can be done to prevent it and give justice to the victims of abuse (Dong, 2012, p. 2153-2154). In conclusion, these three laws are there to protect and give justice to elders that have been abused, and our elderly population should be educated on each of these laws. Each act is associated with elder abuse, but has different actions. The Older Americans Act provides the funding and helps with the planning of elder abuse programs and research in every state. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, or Nursing Home Reform Act, gives elders the right to receive the highest care in nursing homes and helps to protect them with these rights. The Elder Justice Act allows the federal government to respond to elder abuse through community services that help prevent, detect, and treat elder abuse. With future research, the United States can also help to bridge the gap with elder abuse in the different minorities across the nation and get a better overall incidence rate of elder abuse. These laws help to create better protection for the elderly and with future research and understanding, th e United States may be able to significantly decrease the rates of elder abuse in the country. References Colello, K. (2014, September 3). The Elder Justice Act: Background and Issues for Congress. Retrieved June 28, 2015, from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43707.pdf Dong, X. (2012). Advancing the Field of Elder Abuse: Future Directions and Policy Implications.Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society,60(11), 2151-2156. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04211.x Watson, E. (2013). Elder Abuse: Definition, Types and Statistics, and Elder Abuse (Mistreatment and Neglect) Laws.Journal Of Legal Nurse Consulting,24(2), 40-42.

american folk :: essays research papers

The dancer is a man wearing leather boots, loose fitting red silk pants, and a white shirt with colored embroidering down the middle. His hair is shaved to the scalp except for a small circle on the top of his head, where the hair is about half a foot long. He squats down low, and kicks his feet out with his body upright and his arms folded. The dance has a historic meaning behind it, dating back to when Russia took over Ukraine. A group of organized rebels known as the Cossacks, who hoped to end Russian Rule, isolated themselves in a fort in the Carpathian Mountains. The dancer symbolizes a triumphant Cossack warrior. During festivals and other celebrations, the Hopak was a common dance. This dance is still taught to Ukrainian Americans today, starting at age seven. At Ukrainian debutante balls, the men who know the dance do it during a specific song, which is played at every ball. There are also professional dance groups who perform the Hopak around the United States and Canada. T he dancers today still wear the traditional clothing, but the hairstyle has become much less common. Many Ukrainians forget the dance with time, but those who remember it take great pride in their ability and perform the dance at nearly every ball and celebration they attend. This dance exists as a representation of Ukraine’s history, in particular the conflict with Russia. However, in the past, it served an entirely different function. The Hopak originates from the Kozac, which is an older Ukrainian dance. The Kozac is named after the Cossacks, who performed it, and it’s essentially the workout they performed to â€Å"warm up† for battle. â€Å"The movements were part of a regime of calisthenics to keep the Cossacks fit for battles.

Racism in America Essay

Reconstruction By: 9/9/2013 1. Columbian historian Eric Foner (1983) quotes W. E. B. Dubois in calling reconstruction a â€Å"splendid failure (p.16).† After studying the events of late 19th century, defend whether or not you agree with his position. What are the long-term implications? In my opinion the one of the largest mistakes that was made was the amount of racism that still continued in America. Still to this day there is a large amount of racism in America, the only difference is it is not just between white and blacks. When it comes to racism for some reason it seems all races and all people can’t just get along. Growing up in the south I have seen this first hand. The problem is now if there is any kinds of disagreement between races it is blown way out of proportion. A small example would be the Travon Martin case. This case should of not had half of the publicity it did, but because it was a crime that was white on black people took it as a hate crime. The problem in my opinion is it w as not even white on black and half of America still seems to think it was. When people get something in there heads they are going to put their own â€Å"twist† on what they think happened and it will cause things to get out of hand. I believe the Emancipation Proclamation was intended to be the right step in fixing a problem. The problem still existed because even when it comes to law officials there is racism to this day. I have seen police officers that treat people that are not the same race as them differently because that is the way they were raised. That to me is something that is unacceptable, if you are a police officer or a person in a similar position and they still are using race to make decisions it creates more problems in the first place. On the other side some people attempt to use their race to benefit themselves because they are a minority. I went to school with a young African American that was picked on because of the color of his skin, he was new to our school and was moved into our school because his school was flooded when a hurricane came and flooded his school. Some students saw a chance to pick on someone because they were different, they talk, look, and act different than others. I saw this happening and became friends with him because I do not believe in this at all. Another student  that came in wanted to play sports and thought he was the best player on the field. He did not make the team and he filed a complaint with the state of North Carolina saying the reason he did not make the team was because of his race. He was then transferred from our school to be given a chance to play somewhere else. To me this was someone trying to take advantage of their race in a negative way simply because the student did not get his way to begin with. 4. Identify one significant leader in the Populist movement and give a brief synopsis of this person’s contributions, failures, and successes in bringing about the ideas of populism â€Å"In 1890 Populists won control of the Kansas state legislature, and Kansan William Peffer became the party’s first U.S. Senator. Peffer, with his long white beard, was a humorous figure to many Eastern journalists and politicians, who saw little evidence of Populism in their states and often treated the party as a joke† (â€Å"1890†, 2000). Western and Southern Populists gained a large amount of support even though the other parties felt this way. Populists presidential candidate, James B. Weaver actually was able to win over one million votes. Because of fraud, intimidation, and violence by the Southern Democrats the party still failed to make any further gains. One of the largest pieces of success was the party being officially founded because of the merger of the Farmers’ Alliance and the Knights of Labor. Because of all the negative things going on because of the Democrat and Republicans all going against the Populist party it made it very hard to continue this party and keep it functioning. â€Å"Two main factions had appeared. One, the fusion Populists, sought to merge with the Democrats, using the threat of independent organization to force changes in the major party’s platform. The Populist organization in Kansas had already â€Å"fused†Ã¢â‚¬â€œover the bitter protest of those who considered this a sell-out. Fusionists argued that the regionally based third party could never hold national power; the best strategy was to influence a major party that could† (â€Å"1890†, 2000). The Second faction was called â€Å"mid-roaders† and suspected that Democratic leaders wanted to destroy the third-party threat. The Populists party also wanted to schedule the national convention before the Republican and Democrats were able to hold theirs. This would be a fight that was lost and they would have to hold their meeting after the major-party meetings. In my opinion the larger parties where using their size and power to make it very difficult for the Populists party to stay in tact and eventually got what they wanted when it was done away with. The Populists began serving more as a symbol for the Republicans and their nomination that the Populists put through would even begin to ignore the party even though they were the ones who nominated him. Reference 1890. (2000). Retrieved from http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/populists.html

Who Killed the Electric Car Research Paper Example

Who Killed the Electric Car Research Paper Example Who Killed the Electric Car Paper Who Killed the Electric Car Paper Who Killed the Electric Car? Video Discussion Questions Summary: It begins with a solemn funeral? for a car. By the end of Chris Paines lively and informative documentary, the idea doesnt seem quite so strange. As narrator Martin Sheen notes, They were quiet and fast, produced no exhaust and ran without gasoline. Paine proceeds to show how this unique vehicle came into being and why General Motors ended up reclaiming its once-prized creation less than a decade later. He begins 100 years ago with the original electric car. By the 1920s, the internal-combustion engine had rendered it obsolete. By the 1980s, however, car companies started exploring alternative energy sources, like solar power. 1. Create a table that outlines the positions of the major â€Å"suspects† from the video 2. What was the Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate? A zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that emits no tailpipe pollutants from the onboard source of power. [1][2] Harmful pollutants to the health and the environment include particulates (soot), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen. Although not considered emission pollutants by the original California Air Resources Board (CARB) or U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definitions, the most recent common use of the term also includes volatile organic compounds, several air toxics, and global pollutants such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. [3] Examples of zero emission vehicles include muscle-powered vehicles such as bicycles; electric vehicles, which shift emissions to the location where electricity is generated; and fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen that only emit water. 3. Why was the ZEV Mandate killed? 4. Why does the video let the batteries off the hook? 5. Why consider the fuel cells guilty? Isnt it just another technology that might help us clean the air in the long run? 6. How can any technology, like hydrogen fuel cells or batteries be a suspect in the video? 7. Is an electric car actually a zero emission vehicle? Explain your answer. 8. Why are other gas-alternative fuels not mentioned in the video? 9. Is the electric car really dead? Explain your answer. 10. How does the multi-billion dollar automotive bailout fit into this discussion? Explain. 11. Given the information provided in the film, do you believe you will be able to buy a hydrogen-powered car in the next 10 years? 20 years? Ever? Why/why not? 12. What one assertion in the film do you disagree with? Why? 13. What one assertion in the film troubles you the most? Why? 14. In your own words, explain why the car manufacturers collected and destroyed the electric vehicles. 15. Should the world oil supply be: 1) divided evenly according to population, 2) given to those able to pay the highest price, or 3) reserved for developing nations? Explain your response

My Criteria For Choosing Movies essays

My Criteria For Choosing Movies essays With the presumption that whatever you view becomes you, and my fathers constant admonishing that everything I do has to eventually lead me to heaven, my criteria for choosing a film to watch has been stricter than most. To illustrate what I mean, most films last between an hour and a half and two hours, time which can be spent doing something far more productive and worthwhile. Also, films, many times, have the power to persuade and, in some instances, change a persons perception of life and reality. Now, that can be good or bad. To sum it all up, my general yardstick for measuring films is that films have to do more than just while away my time for them to be worth watching. In fact, I give them the responsibility to teach me truths about the world, truths of which I would otherwise be ignorant, whether it has to do with plants, animals, history, astronomy, politics or human relations. Following up on that yardstick, I eventually came up with a set of criteria for choosing a particular film over another. Since my first contact with most newly released films, more often than not, occurs when I first see its trailer on television, what I learn about the film from the trailer is my very first criterion for choosing a film to watch. In watching a trailer, I examine many factors, the genre, the content, and the rating being the factors I examine most often. At the beginning of a trailer the rating of the film is stated. This is probably the most crucial factor in my decision to watch or not to watch that particular film, a film rated G being more desirable than one with an R rating. If a movie was rated R, unless it was totally appalling, I might continue to watch the trailer, but dont count on seeing me at the theatre or the video store renting it. Unlike the R rated film which receives outright rejection, a film with a PG-13 rating or below would be subject to further scrutiny. ...

Roswell Essays (1014 words) - Roswell UFO Incident, Walter Haut

Roswell Essays (1014 words) - Roswell UFO Incident, Walter Haut Roswell Brazel's ranch was from an Army Air Force balloon. The new report states many new explanations. It says that ...witnesses are mistaken about when the events they saw occurred, and they also are seriously mistaken about details of the events. The report also states: Witnesses are conflating together, several events that occurred at different times, into a single event, and in every instance, the events the witnesses saw were normal Air Force activities. Surprisingly, the Air Force has never produced a weather balloon that matches witness accounts(Rodeghier). According to CUFOS analysts, the report is clumsily padded to make it appear lengthy and impressive(Rodeghier) Large fonts, wide margins, as well as irrelevant photos were also used. The new report also never mentioned or made any effort to interview witnesses that are still-living(Rodeghier). The Center for U.F.O. Studies(CUFOS) found several flaws and problems with the new report. The Air Force considers a man named Gerald Anderson to be a credible and honest witness, who is simply mistaken about places, dates, and details. The CUFOS says that there are no Roswell researchers that believe Gerald Anderson to be a credible witness. He falsified phone records and a diary to support his claims(Rodeghier). The Air Force also ignored the testimony of credible witnesses. A man named Frank Kaufman was involved with the recovery of the crashed object. Written notes, belonging to Kaufman, were given to the Air Force before the report was issued. Nothing pertaining to Kaufman or his notes appeared in the report(Rodeghier). The Air Force claims that the wreckage was a type of test balloon with life-like dummies inside(Rodeghier) Key witnesses cannot be placed at any balloon recoveries(Rodeghier). The report appears to depend on the UFO witnesses having actually viewed balloon and dummy recoveries. According to CUFOS response to the Air Force report, No witness involved in Roswell can be placed at any recovery. There is another problem e The Truth is Out There, Somewhere: Roswell, New Mexico Fifty years ago, in an isolated section of the southwestern desert of New Mexico, an incident occurred that has yet to be fully explained. It is referred to as the Roswell Incident. Others refer to it as Cosmic Watergate. Several people believe that it was a UFO,(unidentified flying object) containing aliens, that crashed and was recovered by the government. Others believe that there is no supportive evidence to back this theory. The government has released reports and determined the case to be closed. But, the facts show, life on other planets does exist. In early July of 1947, the incident began with several reports of a glowing object in the sky about 9:50P.M. during a large storm. The next morning, it was evident that something had crashed into the land tended by rancher, W.W. Mac Brazel(UFO Phenomenon 39). The strange debris was found scattered over a large portion of his ranch. It consisted of a tinfoil-like substance, strands of wire, small metallic rods covered with indecipherable writing, and pieces of parchment-like paper(UFO: Enigma 63). Mac collected a few scraps and carried them to the local sheriff, George Wilcox(Jeffrey). He was baffled at what he saw and contacted the Roswell Army Air Field, home of the world's only atomic attack unit(UFO: Enigma 63). Colonel William Blanchard, commander of the 509th Bomb Group, ordered Major Jesse A. Marcel to investigate the matter. He was the group's intelligence officer. An entire day was spent at Brazel's ranch. The material was surveyed and then loaded into two vehicles. Reports say that the material was then transferred onto a B-29 and flown to Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth, Texas(UFO: Enigma). Several tests were conducted on the debris. Shortly before Marcel's death in 1978, he confessed and told researchers that the material was nothing made on earth(UFO: Enigma 63). He told them of tests that were conducted. It turns out that the material could not be dented with a 16-pound sledgehammer, nor burned with a blowtorch. During Marcel's interview, he also stated that the material was no thicker than the tinfoil in a pack of cigarettes(UFO: Enigma 63). Around the same time as Brazel's discovery, Grady L. Barnett, who was more than 100 miles away from Roswell, came across what appeared to be a portion of a 'flying disc'(UFO: Enigma 63). According to Barnett, four small dead bodies lay beside it. They had frail limbs, and disproportionately large heads with big slanted eyes(UFO: Enigma). Barnett also says that he found

Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Success - Essay Example It is different and also encouraging. When people succeed in anything they wish for, they feel a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment that is motivating for them to move further. Success can be defined as fulfillment and accomplishment and is supportive for motivating a person to set further paths of success for himself/herself. Success is based on actions that take a person towards his/her aspired ambitions. The quote by Ben Franklin â€Å"God helps those who help themselves† is very famous and also applicable in terms of success in life. Even God is not ready to assist such people who are not interested in supporting themselves by their hard work. We can never succeed until we try and act accordingly. Actions speak louder than words means that our actions are more meaningful in taking us to our aspirations. We can say that we want this thing from life or that thing but until we do not try and do not take some action towards our aspired mission, we cannot gain success. Actions overcome the difficulties that come in our way towards success (Hoagland-Smith 2007). Some people perceive that success is based on luck (Abhishek 2008). Luck cannot be considered as a factor crucial for our success in life. Hard work and struggle towards aspired aims is crucial and can convert our bad luck into a good one by gifting us with success. One step of accomplishment leads to another. John Watson (2004) informs that â€Å"success breeds success†. Success in itself is motivating. Whenever a person succeeds in his initial ambition, he plans for another and pursues towards its completion. Success can be seen as a connected chain of fulfillments and aspirations. People keep aspirations and when these aspirations are fulfilled, they move towards others. Success is regarded as a method by which, much developments can be there (Big Success 2009). Failure is a hindrance and deviates a person from his way to further achievement (Big Success 2009). Glenn Ebersole (2007) informs

The British Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The British Economy - Essay Example However, in order to facilitate these activities and to increase efficiencies, new concepts, theories and method have been developed. In this process, the accuracy and efficiency has enhanced but complexities have also increased significantly. International trade has a great economic importance as it helps to bring economic prosperity to a country. International trade activities include import and export which influences foreign and domestic exchanges. Besides, certain economic risks are also associated with international trade and hence, government always try to control international trade related activities (Seyoum, 2000, p.8). This paper will attempt to deal with foreign exchanges policy of UK. Earlier, the UK pound was used to be determined using the fixed exchange rate policy by comparing to other foreign currencies. However, due to certain shortcomings of fixed exchange rate policy, the UK Government has shifted to floating exchange rate policy. This paper will present explanat ions on fixed and floating rate policies and how the UK Government plays crucial role in controlling and deciding the foreign and domestic currency policies. ... The per capita GDP was nearly was $35,100 with real GDP growth rate of 1.6% in 2010.Regulatory authorities including the central bank (Bank of England) is responsible for managing and controlling the economic affairs. The inflation and unemployment in 2010 were 3.3% and 7.9%. During the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the UK’s economy was heavily affected. However, currently, the economy is recovering at higher speed as policy makers have taken necessary steps for improving the overall economic condition (CIA 2011). Nearly 75% and 23.8% of total GDP is contributed by the services sectors and Industries. The major services sectors include -financial, distribution, business, communication, hotels, transport etc. Currently, the country is suffering from high trade deficit due to higher import comparing to lower export. During 2009, net export of goods and services were recorded $351.3 billion; whereas, net imports of goods and services were higher i.e. $473.6 billion (U.S. Departm ent of State, 2010). As per the updated information, the value of 1 British pound is compared to other major foreign currency in the given below. Table 1: British Pound and Other Foreign Currency (Source: MSN Money, 2011) Fixed Exchange Rate System and Role of UK Government The foreign exchange rate is very important for controlling the major aspects of economy like import, expert, interest rate, inflation etc. The foreign currency market is exposed to different types of risk that affect the entire economic policy like inflation, interest and unemployment etc. There are two types of foreign currency policies i.e. fixed and floating. Earlier, UK Government used to

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCIAL & CONSUMER LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ELEMENTS OF COMMERCIAL & CONSUMER LAW - Essay Example In relation to the concept of Ayres & Braithwaite, the notion of responsive regulation comprises two major interpretations — the ‘tit-for-tat responsive regulation’ and the ‘restorative justice (RJ) responsive regulation’. With this regard, the concepts have been recognised to fetch a major debating subject for the organisations while remaining keen to implement responsive regulations2. Applying a critical point of view, in order to assess the way of effective persuasion of the model, the paper evaluates the key effectiveness of responsive regulation that can enable an organisation to maintain a strong reputation within a particular market or industry. Correspondingly, to assess the efficacy of the model, the report also describes its effectiveness in response to regulatory powers and responses available under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008. With reference to an in-depth understanding, the concept of responsive regulation is designed by Ayres and Braithwaite, with the aim of addressing issues associated with the restricted resources. In addition to the observation, the regulation is also developed in order to effectively deal with limitations relating to modest compliance or deterrence execution strategies and efficiently respond towards numerous pluralistic motivations that are likely to be driven by the compliance behaviour of the individuals3. The key aspects of responsive regulatory concept that highly apprehend the imaginary attributes of the practitioners are often considered as an idea of the responsive regulatory pyramid. It is owing to the fact that interpretation of responsive regulation to the respective practitioners by any individual generally ends by asking them for selecting a regulatory challenge and is likely to bring major conflicts among the practitioners. The scenario is often observed to invite the practitioners to focus on preliminary designing of

Basis of the first phase of your overall MC plan Essay

Basis of the first phase of your overall MC plan - Essay Example Marketing communication is a process which helps the marketers to communicate information’s like product related information to potential consumer segment. They utilise this method to convey information about product value, existence, and benefits associated with it. It encompasses one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Designing an effective communication process provide marketers an opportunity to attract, create urge, persuade, and remind about the existing brands of a company. In recent times, the scope related to marketing communication has increased. Marketers are using various unique method and techniques to create awareness of their products (Yeshin, 1998). The marketers have to integrate different aspects related to marketing communication to derive maximum benefit from the implementation of any such plan. In the process of developing a marketing communication plan for a product Lemon, lime flavoured beer a zero based marketing communication plan is prepared (Belch, 2003). A zero based marketing communication planning process provides a marketing communication planning team of an organisation, the necessary understanding of what kind of tools are to be utilised while preparing a plan. In this process a particular year’s situational analysis is conducted (BSA Marketing, n.d.). Also SWOT analysis and communication objectives analysis help in preparing a proper planning according to the desired need. In the beginning of this process, key marketing communication related problems are identified. In the next step, by using various marketing communications tools, solutions are searched for the problems. In the given context also, for devising a marketing communication plan for a new brand, a complete situational analysis along with SWOT analysis has to be conducted. The plan also has to prepare keeping in mind the communication objectives. In the first phase of preparing a marketing communication plan, a target audience for the intended product

Internet addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet addiction - Essay Example People often tend to ask as to what internet addiction is. The focus of internet addiction can cause people to believe that they are being informed by the IAD, also known as internet addiction problem. This paper will look into the way in which internet manipulates people’s minds and distracts them, thus causing them to think about entirely different things and experience radical change in their priorities (Young, â€Å"Internet Addiction: Symptoms†). The solution to internet addiction is realization of addiction, time management, and increased family unions. Firstly, Internet addiction is a very nasty disorder that might even be more technical than the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) that most of the world is aware about. Just like OCD, the roots of internet addiction disorder are psychological and are triggered due to a nervous system that exists within the brain. What is shocking though, is the mere fact that internet addiction problem does not get as serious as OCD and is not fatal, physically, but it is fatal in the sense that a person loses his ability to grasp priorities and change from one situation to another in a smooth transition. A person having internet addiction will always have this time crunching feeling that he needs to work on something different, something more reproductive, on the internet. For example, a person who has an assignment to compete for his college will often try to complete the assignment because he feels responsible for it. However, if that student is addicted to internet, he will often get an urge t o check what is going on when it comes to his Facebook account, Twitter account, some other social media platform account and thus get distracted immediately (Young, â€Å"Internet addiction: the†). His conscience may have been about fulfilling his responsibility but his obsession with social media platforms drives him to ruin his own work himself. Moreover, it also becomes hard for the

Genetic, Biological and Environmental Influences on School-Age Crack Research Paper

Genetic, Biological and Environmental Influences on School-Age Crack Babies in Dealing with Multiple Stimuli and Forming Close - Research Paper Example Research has shown that almost one million infants born in the USA have been at one time exposed to one of the many illicit drugs while in utero. The social effects associated with these infants or crack babies when normally present themselves clearly when these children reach age of going to school. In most cases, the stimulation process becomes very erratic and such children are faced with difficulties of dealing with these multiple stimuli and have issues when it comes to having close attachments with people around them such a teachers and other pupils (McNichol & Tash, 2001). Dealing with multiple stimuli and forming close attachments Research has shown that we have a permanent developmental, neurological and behavior consequences which could be directly attributed to the exposure on drug use by parents. One notable thing has been that parents and even academic institutions are still quite unprepared in dealing with this problem effectively (McNichol & Tash, 2001). Given the envi ronment in which such children are exposed to at an early age, it becomes difficult for them to integrate fully with the society around them. It is a known fact that children do inherit certain genetic components from their parents. The drug use interferes with a child’s development. ... Close observations made on these children have shown that they are normally persistently withdrawn from their environment and enjoy personal space more than keeping company of others. It has also been noted that these crack babies are normally prone to some sudden snaps and episodes of violent behavior as compared to other children. These have been attributed to the fact that their parents exposed them to drugs in their prenatal stage. Research has shown that infants exposed to cocaine during the prenatal stage exhibit increased risk of having motor dysfunction (Schneider & Chasnoff, 1992). Also, the risk of having intra-venicular hemorrhages is increased. Questions still abound as to the exact effect of hemorrhages when it comes to the development process. The exposure has been noted to majorly affect the central nervous system causing abnormalities to these children (Doberczak, 1988). Fulroth, Phillips and Durand (1989) noted that a number of babies who have been exposed to cocaine in their prenatal stages show signs of withdrawal from the society or the environment around them. However, some researchers did dispute this basing their argument to the fact that the duration after birth matters and that the children normally normalize after the ages of 1 to 2 years. However, 30 to 40% of those children studied showed that they experienced language development problems which were compounded by attention problems that went through their fourth year of growth (Schneider & Chasnoff, 1992). Other studies have also shown that many of the children who have been borne out of drug abuse related mothers have numerous cognitive and behavioral difficulties. This has been attributed to the environmental influences. Other studies such

Basis of the first phase of your overall MC plan Essay

Basis of the first phase of your overall MC plan - Essay Example Marketing communication is a process which helps the marketers to communicate information’s like product related information to potential consumer segment. They utilise this method to convey information about product value, existence, and benefits associated with it. It encompasses one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Designing an effective communication process provide marketers an opportunity to attract, create urge, persuade, and remind about the existing brands of a company. In recent times, the scope related to marketing communication has increased. Marketers are using various unique method and techniques to create awareness of their products (Yeshin, 1998). The marketers have to integrate different aspects related to marketing communication to derive maximum benefit from the implementation of any such plan. In the process of developing a marketing communication plan for a product Lemon, lime flavoured beer a zero based marketing communication plan is prepared (Belch, 2003). A zero based marketing communication planning process provides a marketing communication planning team of an organisation, the necessary understanding of what kind of tools are to be utilised while preparing a plan. In this process a particular year’s situational analysis is conducted (BSA Marketing, n.d.). Also SWOT analysis and communication objectives analysis help in preparing a proper planning according to the desired need. In the beginning of this process, key marketing communication related problems are identified. In the next step, by using various marketing communications tools, solutions are searched for the problems. In the given context also, for devising a marketing communication plan for a new brand, a complete situational analysis along with SWOT analysis has to be conducted. The plan also has to prepare keeping in mind the communication objectives. In the first phase of preparing a marketing communication plan, a target audience for the intended product

Genetic, Biological and Environmental Influences on School-Age Crack Research Paper

Genetic, Biological and Environmental Influences on School-Age Crack Babies in Dealing with Multiple Stimuli and Forming Close - Research Paper Example Research has shown that almost one million infants born in the USA have been at one time exposed to one of the many illicit drugs while in utero. The social effects associated with these infants or crack babies when normally present themselves clearly when these children reach age of going to school. In most cases, the stimulation process becomes very erratic and such children are faced with difficulties of dealing with these multiple stimuli and have issues when it comes to having close attachments with people around them such a teachers and other pupils (McNichol & Tash, 2001). Dealing with multiple stimuli and forming close attachments Research has shown that we have a permanent developmental, neurological and behavior consequences which could be directly attributed to the exposure on drug use by parents. One notable thing has been that parents and even academic institutions are still quite unprepared in dealing with this problem effectively (McNichol & Tash, 2001). Given the envi ronment in which such children are exposed to at an early age, it becomes difficult for them to integrate fully with the society around them. It is a known fact that children do inherit certain genetic components from their parents. The drug use interferes with a child’s development. ... Close observations made on these children have shown that they are normally persistently withdrawn from their environment and enjoy personal space more than keeping company of others. It has also been noted that these crack babies are normally prone to some sudden snaps and episodes of violent behavior as compared to other children. These have been attributed to the fact that their parents exposed them to drugs in their prenatal stage. Research has shown that infants exposed to cocaine during the prenatal stage exhibit increased risk of having motor dysfunction (Schneider & Chasnoff, 1992). Also, the risk of having intra-venicular hemorrhages is increased. Questions still abound as to the exact effect of hemorrhages when it comes to the development process. The exposure has been noted to majorly affect the central nervous system causing abnormalities to these children (Doberczak, 1988). Fulroth, Phillips and Durand (1989) noted that a number of babies who have been exposed to cocaine in their prenatal stages show signs of withdrawal from the society or the environment around them. However, some researchers did dispute this basing their argument to the fact that the duration after birth matters and that the children normally normalize after the ages of 1 to 2 years. However, 30 to 40% of those children studied showed that they experienced language development problems which were compounded by attention problems that went through their fourth year of growth (Schneider & Chasnoff, 1992). Other studies have also shown that many of the children who have been borne out of drug abuse related mothers have numerous cognitive and behavioral difficulties. This has been attributed to the environmental influences. Other studies such

Educational Technology in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Educational Technology in the Classroom Essay The face of pedagogy has evolved through time with the emergence of the technological age in the 19th century. As new technologies have been developed in order to enhance and produce efficient working environments, educational institutions, especially early childhood education, have slowly adapted several technological tools in order to facilitate the teaching-learning process. Learning available technological advancements in early childhood education (ECE) and understanding how to incorporate them in the teaching process interests me because of the complex and specialized characteristic of ECE. Children are always curious about the things around them, that is why they love exploring and discovering things that are new to them. Applying technology in the classroom setting would be instrumental in teaching them many concepts that would be difficult to teach in the real-life environment. Moreover, employing technology would allow teachers to design challenging instructional materials that may be easily accessed by children. Synopsis One Buckleitner, W. (2000). â€Å"Techno Tools for Assessment. † Teaching with Technology. ProQuest Education Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=4sid=2srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=62927618scaling=FULLts=1207829807vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207829837clientId=7961 (1) This article emphasizes the importance of technology in tracking and monitoring the growth and progress of children within the educational institution. It asserts that making use of technology allows the teacher to properly document the developments of each child, with the use of pictures and videos for instance, in order to involve and show the parents each milestone that their children accomplish in the school. Technology is also relevant during the assessment phase. The author continues to list several technological tools that from the lowest priced to the highly expensive, while still remaining important in assessing the developments within each child. Cameras, whether disposable, Polaroid, or digital, as well as digital video cameras, are useful in documenting the activities that children get involved in within the school. This would help in showing the parents how their children have grown from day one until the end of classroom instruction. Cassette recorders may be used to record sounds, such as songs, poems, and sounds learned throughout the year, in order to know what new knowledge they have learned regarding sound reproduction and music. Scanners may be used to keep records of pictures and artworks that children have made all throughout the year. This would help in assessing the creativity of each child. Communication with the parents at home may be facilitated by establishing an online website where the teacher and the parents may contact each other. Moreover, online websites may be used to send newsletters and other information that are in a need-to-know basis for the parents. (2) This article is important for teachers who want to learn about simple and affordable technologies to use in the classroom setting. Cameras, video cameras, scanners, sound recorders, and online websites, are simple devices that teachers can easily use. Moreover, assessment and evaluation has gone up a higher level with the options of using technologies, as well as in involving the parents with the education of their child. (3) The technological gadgets suggested by the author benefits the learner, although they do not get to explore and manipulate each gadget, because it focuses on the assessment phase of learning which assists in the identification of needs, demands and follow-throughs of children. Moreover, parents get involved in the education of their children, allowing them to know how they can assist in teaching their children more at home. (4) These technologies may be implemented by providing sound recorders for each student from the beginning of the class and let them record sounds that they have never learned before. During activities, which bring out their skills and abilities, the teacher should be able to take pictures and videos for documentation. Paper works done by the students should all be scanned accordingly for records sake and assessment in the future. At the end of the teaching instruction, the online website should be put up in the World Wide Web, and communicated to the parents in order for them to gain access to the website and start communicating with the teacher whenever possible. Synopsis Two Scoter, J. V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). â€Å"Technology in Early Childhood Education. † Northwest Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website: http://www. netc. org/earlyconnections/byrequest. pdf (1) The research study has explored the pros and cons of the employment of technology to early childhood education. The argument lies on the capacity of technological tools to provide for the basic needs of children, including their physical, social, emotional, mental, and language development needs. However, researchers could not deny the contributions that technology will make for facilitating teaching and learning for early childhood education. These contributions being teaching children how to learn by autonomy, wherein they learn by doing things by themselves, and the visualization of difficult concepts to teach and for children to grasp. The different developmental stages in early childhood education are also discussed in order to identify the goals and needs of children in each stage. The author continues to discuss several technologies to accomplish these goals and needs. The computer is the most important technological tool that should be used in early childhood education. Moreover, several softwares are available for computers, such as softwares that may be used in constructing examinations, drills, and practice tests. (2) The information in this article is important for teachers who wants to understand the benefits and advantages of technological tools within the classroom. This would assist them in making evenhanded decisions on whether to employ technological use for classroom instruction. Moreover, teachers who want to utilize technology within the classroom setting are informed of the goals and objectives of each child developmental stage in order to design technologies that are able to meet these goals and objectives. (3) The technology discussed in the article, such as the computer and software programs benefit the learner because of wide-range activities that it can develop for learners, such as drills and tests. This would allow teachers to produce numerous automated exams that would help students widen their knowledge and exercise their minds in order to retain information learned throughout classroom instruction. Moreover, computers are able to provide numerous functions such as music, videos, pictures, access to the internet, multimedia applications, language assistive technologies, etc. (4) Implementing what I read from the article takes time and careful planning. Planning should be done to lay out activities that will be suitable for particular developmental stages in children. After planning, the teacher is now ready to incorporate technologies according to the level of understanding and need of each child. This would be established by teaching children the basics of the computer and letting them handle it for better learning and understanding. Synopsis Three Wilford, S. (2007). â€Å"Tuning in to Tech. † Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=1257130811scaling=FULLts=1207834444vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207834584clientId=7961 (1) The proper implementation of technology, so as to ensure positive learning outcomes, is the focus of this article. The author acknowledges the fact that technology does hold negative learning outcomes, especially to young children. In addition, the author continues to discuss the inadequacy of technologies if used improperly and minimally. Therefore, the author reveals steps or guidelines for making the most of the positive effects on learning that technologies may yield to early childhood education. These steps or guidelines include the use of clear digital images with large informative captions, images that show children who display moral values that students might learn, records of visuals and creative works done by students in the computer and student portfolios, taking videos of meaningful activities, and videos of theatrical performances done by children in order for them to imitate and gain insights about acting and being creative. (2) The article is relevant in reminding teachers on how to properly use technologies due to the fact that when these technological devices are used inadequately, then it will yield negative learning outcomes for young children. Aside from reminding teachers of this valuable information, it also provides important tips on how to maximize technology and utilize it appropriately. (3) This valuable piece of information benefits the learner in such a way that it educates the teacher. Educating teachers, especially on the proper use of technology, is significant in teaching with the use of technology properly, therefore, resulting to positive learning outcomes. (4) Implementing this piece of information in classroom instruction starts with committing such information to memory in order to remind oneself of how to use technology effectively in the classroom. Synopsis Four Hertzog, N. Klein, M. (2005). â€Å"Beyond Gaming: A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. † Gifted Child Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=872146761scaling=FULLts=1207837036vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207837110clientId=7961 (1) The focus of the research paper is to identify and reveal the importance of technology for the early childhood classroom and the benefits that they provide for the children. Several examples were given in order to illustrate real life situations wherein the incorporation of technology in classroom instruction was successful. UPS is an educational institution, which utilizes technology during classroom instruction. The institution attests to the positive learning outcomes that technologies yield within the children. Aside from the children, the teachers also benefit from the functions that technology provide to facilitate teaching and lighten their burden of keeping records and assessing the children’s growth and development. Moreover, technologies also enhance communication lines of the educational institution with the parents. Indeed, the children’s use of technology have gone beyond only gaming to learning valuable concepts that technology offers. (2) I think the article takes on a general approach to the study of technology as a means of facilitating learning for early childhood education. Not only does it discuss the benefits of technology on children, but also its positive effects to teachers and the parents as stakeholders who are involved with the education of young learners. Through this article, children, teachers, and parents learn to appreciate the benefits and advantages that technology provides in order to enhance the learning of their children. Moreover, other educational institutions may learn from the testimonies of UPS. (3) This article does not particularly talk about a certain technology that benefits the learner but it discusses the importance of technology in order to provide meaningful and challenging learning experiences to children. Moreover, it informs people on the importance of technology to the holistic development of children, professional career of teachers, and the involvement of parents to education. (4) The article talks about the need for educational institutions to implement technological tools itself and does not illustrate how to implement them. For educational institutions who are deciding whether to incorporate technology into their classroom instructions shall be guided by the advantages it would provide for learners, teachers and parents. Thus, encouraging them to implement technology when possible in order to promote quality learning. Bibliography Buckleitner, W. (2000). â€Å"Techno Tools for Assessment. † Teaching with Technology. ProQuest Education Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=4sid=2srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=62927618scaling=FULLts=1207829807vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207829837clientId=7961 Hertzog, N. Klein, M. (2005). â€Å"Beyond Gaming: A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. † Gifted Child Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=872146761scaling=FULLts=1207837036vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207837110clientId=7961 Scoter, J. V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). Technology in Early Childhood Education. Northwest Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website: http://www. netc. org/earlyconnections/byrequest. pdf Wilford, S. (2007). â€Å"Tuning in to Tech. † Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals. Website: http://proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12sid=1srchmode=1vinst=PRODfmt=6startpage=-1clientid=7961vname=PQDRQT=309did=1257130811scaling=FULLts=1207834444vtype=PQDrqt=309TS=1207834584clientId=7961

Effects of Human Donor Milk on a Severely Malnourished Child

Effects of Human Donor Milk on a Severely Malnourished Child Abstract Hunan milk has many benefits, such as optimal nutrition, easy digestibility and immunologic protection for infants and contains some growth factors that can protect immature tissue, promote maturation particularly of the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing of damaged tissue. The first human milk bank was set up in China last year and had 36 recipients including preterm infants and other sick children. But the authors found some almost unbelievable effects of human donor milk in a severely malnourished child following intestinal surgery. This case demonstrates that human donor milk is not only a food but also an important therapy to some children with malnutrition. Keywords human milk, human milk bank, post-operative malnutrition Background Human milk has many benefits, such as optimal nutrition, easy digestibility and immunologic protection for infants and contains some growth factors that can  protect immature tissue, promote maturation particularly of the gastrointestinal tract and promote healing of damaged tissue [1-3]. Donor human milk (DHM) is the preferred feeding when the mother’s own milk is not sufficient or not available. The first human milk bank was set up over 100 years ago . In premature infants DHM has been proven to be very effective for the prevention of infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), for reducing feeding intolerance and for improving long-term outcomes [4-6]. So, human milk banks are blossoming in North America and Europe since the mid of 1980’s. Since the first human milk bank was set up last year in China, DHM was used not only for preterm infants but also for children with other illnesses such as immune deficiency, malnutrition after intestinal surgery, cow milk al lergy and serious infection. We have observed some amazing effects in sick children. The objective of this report is to present the case of a severely malnourished child following intestinal surgery. Case Report Xiao Jiang(an alias) was the first recipient of DHM from our milk bank. He was a 10-month old boy coming from Zhanjiang, a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province, China. He was admitted to the local hospital because of abdominal distention. After laparotomy his condition deteriorated more and more with high fever, bleeding under the skin, and weight loss from 9 kg to 5.5 kg. He developed a terrible intestine fistula and spontaneous rupture of the surgical incision. It seemed that there was no hope for survival and he was discharged from the hospital to home. Five days later, his parents took the boy to our hospital. On the 2nd day after admission, by the surgeon in charge obtained a nutrition consultation because of the patients severe malnutrition. Unfortunately, there appeared to be intestinal bleeding as the ileostomy output became brown after consumption of a bottle of formula( Fig 1 and Fig 2). So, he had to be given total parenteral nutrition until the intestinal active bl eeding stopped on the 4th day in hospital. Then, we started the minimal enteral feeding with 10 ml DHM from our milk bank. Methods We gave him the DHM in a dose of only 10 ml after the intestinal bleeding stopped on the 5th day of admission and then gradually increased the amount by 20-30ml q3h daily until 130 ml q3h was reached (Table 1). Everyday we monitored whether he had vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and temperature, examined the abdominal wound and monitored ileostomy output and his general condition. At the same time, the patients weight was determined every day at first and every 5 day later. Table 1 Feeding strategy and weight change of Xiaojiang Results From the moment Xiao Jiang was fed with human milk, seemingly magical effects were noted in this boy, with his fever subsiding and, petechiae and abdominal distension disappearing. At the same time, his skin color became pink, his sleep became better and longer, his ileostomy output decreased markedly and became yellow in color like a normal baby’s stool. More unbelievably, granulation tissue grew out and his abdominal rupture healed within one week and his weight increased rapidly from 5.5 kg to 7.15 kg within just 17 days. The seemingly magical changes are pictured below (Fig 3 and Fig 4) and documentedby the data in Table 1. Discussion The benefits of human milk in nourishing preterm infants have been sufficiently demonstrated in recent years. Since the first human milk bank was set up in 1909à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ milk banks have blossomed and grown rapidly in numbers in the past 30 years[7]. Pasteurized DHM has proved to be an important therapeutic resource in the care of preterm infants. Although the milk banks primarily serve the needs of sick preterm babies, DHM is also used for pediatric conditions such as metabolic disorders, immunodeficiencies, severe infections, severe allergies, failure to thrive, renal failure, various congenital conditions, postoperative therapy and cancer in adults [ 8-13]. In recent years, human milk banks have demonstrated remarkable growth, and clinicians have come to value the importance of DHM not only as a nutritional option but also a potentially life-saving therapy[14-19]. Similarly, we have seen the short-term beneficial and possibly lifesaving clinical effects in other diseased infants and children, especially children with complications after intestinal surgery, exemplified by the case presented here. Our traditional nutrition knowledge could not explain these surprising medical results. So, what is the mechanism? Obviously, there are many areas among the benefits of breast-feeding and DHM which we should study further. Breast milk contains all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of the infant. The protein, fat and calcium in breast milk are more easy for an infant to digest and absorb than the ones in other milks. This may explain why breast milk can save a malnourished, dying boy like Xiao Jiang. It is estimated that more than 900 infants/year may be saved in the United States if 90% of mothers exclusively breastfed for 6 months. In developing countries exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the most effective intervention, potent ially preventing more than 1 million infant deaths/year [20]. Morever, breast milk is rich in substances that provide passive immunity to the baby, such as anti-infective factors, anti-inflammatory factors, immunomodulatory factors, hormones and multifunctional agents. Human milk it has been used as a home remedy for minor ailments, such as conjunctivitis, insect bites and stings, contact dermatitis, and infected wounds, burns, and abrasions. In 1990 Lucas et al. reported thatNEC was reduced significantly by breastfeeding premature infants, either exclusively or partially supplemented with either formula or pasteurized DHM [21]. From the case we report ,here, we can see the dramatic therapeutic effect against inflammation of surgical incisions. Of course, we need more research on human milk and DHM to understand the mechanisms by which human milk protects ill children and how it promotes recovery and growth in these circumstances. Such research has the potential to contribute important new insights regarding the uniqueness and efficacy of human milk and the role of breastfeeding in infant development while also identifying novel mechanisms for disease prevention and treatment. Conclusion DHM is not only the best food for preterm infants and other ill babies when their own mother’s milk is not available, but also an important therapy for some severely ill children, such as severe post-operative malnutrition. We need more research to understand the mechanisms of the protection and therapeutic effects of DHM in such disease states.

Alger Hiss Spy Case :: essays research papers

The Alger Hiss Spy Case   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the late nineteen forties, a new anti-Communistic chase was in full holler, this being the one of the most active Cold War fronts at home. Many panic-stricken citizens feared that Communist spies were undermining the government and treacherously misdirecting foreign policy. The attorney general planned a list of ninety supposedly disloyal organizations, none of which was given the right to prove its loyalty to the United States. The Loyalty Review Board investigated more than three million employees that caused a nation wide security conscious. Later, individual states began ferreting out Communist spies in their area. Now, Americans cannot continue to enjoy traditional freedoms in the face of a ruthless international conspiracy known as the Soviet Communism. In 1949, eleven accused Communists were brought before a New York jury for abusing the Smith Act of 1940, which prohibited conspiring to teach the violent overthrow of the government. The eleven Commun ist leaders were convicted and sentenced to prison. In 1950, Alger Hiss, formerly an employee of the Department of State, was convicted of perjury. Born in November 11, 1904, he grew up shabby-genteel in Baltimore, Maryland. Lean and boyishly handsome, Hiss was a graduate of Johns Hopkins University and of Harvard Law School and was a law clerk to the Supreme Court Justice, Felix Frankfurter and later a clerk for Associate justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. In 1933, he worked for law firms in Boston and on Wall Street, joined Roosevelt ¡Ã‚ ¦s administration, and worked in several areas, including the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, the Nye Committee, the Justice Department, and, starting in 1936, the State Department. In the summer of 1944 he was a staff member at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, which created the blueprint for the organization that became the United Nations. By 1945, he was an adviser to Franklin Roosevelt at the Yalta Conference as well as to Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill. Later that year, Hiss served as acting the temporary secretary general at the San Francisco assembly that created the United Nations. In 1947, John Foster Dulles, Chairman of the board of Trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, asked Hiss to become that organization ¡Ã‚ ¦s president. Hiss was more than a bright young bureaucrat. While working by day on Wall Street, he was active by night in the International Juridical Association, an alleged communist-front lawyers ¡Ã‚ ¦ organization. As early as 1942, the Federal Bureau of Investigations received warnings that Hiss was probably a Soviet agent.

If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other :: Economics

If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other country), what implications might this have for Britain's fiscal deficit? Also trace out the possible effects, if any, on: a) Monetary Policy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment. The economic policy followed by a country engaged in war is ,certainly, different of that followed by a country when in peace. Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and the questions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many, war are not little. Firstly, before we analyze the effects of war with Iraq on fiscal policy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role of fiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. Fiscal policy is a so-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulation of government expenditures and/or of taxes in order to influence aggregate demand and thus economic activity and employment. In the case of Britain, there is a fiscal deficit. A rise in government expenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase of injections over withdrawals) leads to an even greater (through the multiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. Deficit spending could lead to an expansion of economic activity; this policy is known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal policy. It can be said, with great certainty, that Britain's fiscal deficit will increase largely during the war. Being an OECD[1] member country and a country with similar economic performance from time to time, Britain can be considered largely an economy with many common aspects to the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three major peaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars: the Civil War of the 1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can expect that a long drawn-out war with Iraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a long time. This should not suggest that deficits will occur after the war as well, though. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock of debt after these wars. There are also political factors that need to be considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high public unrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the war the government might feel obliged to prove to the people that war against Iraq was a wise thought. UK government would be able to provide that short-term feel-good factor by cutting taxes and possibly increased spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it is already mounting very fast with numerous resignations and public protests, it is very likely that it would see more clearly the If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other :: Economics If there is a long drawn-out war with Iraq (or any other country), what implications might this have for Britain's fiscal deficit? Also trace out the possible effects, if any, on: a) Monetary Policy, b) Inflation and c) Unemployment. The economic policy followed by a country engaged in war is ,certainly, different of that followed by a country when in peace. Britain now finds itself a few steps away from war with Iraq and the questions concerning the implications of this ,unnecessary for many, war are not little. Firstly, before we analyze the effects of war with Iraq on fiscal policy and deficit of the UK we must briefly outline the role of fiscal policy and what is a fiscal deficit. Fiscal policy is a so-called demand management policy and is defined as the manipulation of government expenditures and/or of taxes in order to influence aggregate demand and thus economic activity and employment. In the case of Britain, there is a fiscal deficit. A rise in government expenditures and/or a decrease in taxes (i.e. an increase of injections over withdrawals) leads to an even greater (through the multiplier) rise in national income and thus of employment. Deficit spending could lead to an expansion of economic activity; this policy is known as expansionary (or, reflationary) fiscal policy. It can be said, with great certainty, that Britain's fiscal deficit will increase largely during the war. Being an OECD[1] member country and a country with similar economic performance from time to time, Britain can be considered largely an economy with many common aspects to the U.S. economy in many aspects. The U.S. economy had three major peaks in deficits and all of them reflect wars: the Civil War of the 1860s, WWI and WWII. So one can expect that a long drawn-out war with Iraq will mean that the British economy will run on deficit for a long time. This should not suggest that deficits will occur after the war as well, though. U.S. economy has recovered and reduced the stock of debt after these wars. There are also political factors that need to be considered in the case of Britain. Because of the high public unrest and anti-war movement that occurred in Britain before the war the government might feel obliged to prove to the people that war against Iraq was a wise thought. UK government would be able to provide that short-term feel-good factor by cutting taxes and possibly increased spending. If pressure on the government mounts, and it is already mounting very fast with numerous resignations and public protests, it is very likely that it would see more clearly the

Love Is Sacrifice Essay

I left work today realizing just how fortunate I am to be on the track towards a successful career. And on top of that, the fact that I actually enjoy my job makes it even better! It’s definitely been a long road. I think about how I had to deal with rude and ignorant customers as a convenient store cashier during junior high, the strenuous labor working alongside my mother at the dry cleaners in high school, and then finally those dreaded double shifts waiting tables for three years during college. And yet I look at what I have today and realize that I haven’t obtained these things for myself. All of it has been provided by the hands of the good Lord, and the sacrifice of my parents. It’s truly amazing what a parent’s love for his/her child can accomplish. How much they are willing to sacrifice for the sake of their children. I must say without a doubt that is one of the most important lessons my parents have taught me. Love is sacrifice. My parents immigrated to the U.S. in 1979. My mother came to this country first in January of that year, along with her parents and her siblings. She left behind her husband and her two daughters in search of a better life for all of us. Being away from your child even for a minute is the hardest thing to do as a mother. Not a day went by during our separation that she didn’t think of us, did not long to hold us in her arms and to sing us to sleep with sweet lullabies. She fought back tears and endured heartache every day, but she knew that in the long run, this would all be worth it. My dad tells me that during this time while I was in Korea under his sole care, I would look up at all the airplanes that flew by and cry out, â€Å"Um-ma, Um-ma† (mother in Korean). My father would shake his head and tell me that it wasn’t my mother and I would burst into tears. My father and my aunts (his sisters) told me they had never seen an infant cry as much as I did during the time my mother was gone. Finally, almost a year later in December of 1979, we were reunited with my mother at the Chicago O’Hare International Airport. My father likes to tell me how our reunion was delayed, because I had to use the bathroom and couldn’t hold it in. So the flight was delayed twenty minutes for its departure to the good old USA because of little moi and her weak bladder (oops!). When I finally saw my mother, I immediately ran into her arms. I must have been the happiest little girl in the world at that very moment. But my sister (who was not even one at the time my mother left) didn’t recognize her and clung to my father refusing to go into my mother’s arms. I can’t imagine the heartache my mother must have felt when her own child didn’t recognize her. Even as my mother retold the story to us, she choked with emotion recalling the alienation she sensed at that moment. What a sacrifice she made. But a child never forgets the womb from which she was conceived and in no time at all, my sister was Mom’s little baby girl again. My mother is my role model of strength and courage. My parents had heard such wonderful stories about life in America. But life wasn’t wonderful in the beginning. My grandparents, two uncles, my aunt, and my parents all lived together in a small apartment in Maryland. They could hardly speak the native language. They had no money to their name. They were starting off from scratch. They began as cashiers at local convenient stores, worked in dry cleaners, and basically took whatever job they could get. Here they were, educated and skilled, yet working these blue-collar jobs in the hopes that one day their children wouldn’t have to. My parents both worked long hours. We hardly saw them and soon found ourselves becoming â€Å"latch-key† kids. My sister, brother, and I basically grew up taking care of ourselves. My father was also attending seminary at the same time studying to be a pastor, which I think ended up being one of the greatest sacrifices he made. There’s no money in ministry. No glory. Very little benefits. But I learned quickly that the treasures on Earth fade away just as quickly as the sun rises and the sun sets. My father saw the eternal reward and was willing to sacrifice everything he had for it†¦ including a comfortable life for himself and his family. I find myself awestruck at how my father even raised a family of five on his salary. I make more than double what he ever made as a pastor. And I’m having a hard enough time managing my finances as a single person, much less raising a family. Yet my father knew this was his calling in life and he knew it would not be an easy road for any of us. My father is my role model of sacrifice and incredible faith. My sister and I had to work our way through college, studying diligently when we weren’t working odd jobs to pay off our tuition and rent. Though those years were hard and we found ourselves ready to give up at certain points of our college career, we made it through. But I remember the moments where I felt I just couldn’t go on living like this. I remember vividly one night during my sophomore year in college when I came home after a horrible night at the restaurant and found myself weeping quietly in the corner of my room (hoping my roommates wouldn’t hear). I stayed there the rest of the night, wishing with all my heart that my life were different. Yet it was the hope and dreams of something better down the road that got me through those hard days. Although my parents couldn’t give us much in terms of material things, they gave us so much more. My sister, brother, and I have a deep appreciation and understanding of hard work and sacrifice. Having experienced the hardships ourselves, we are only that much more grateful for what our parents did for us. The chance they took to go to a different country where everything was foreign to them so that they could give their children a better life than they had known for themselves. To sacrifice their own dreams and ambitions so that we could see ours come true. Now as college graduates with promising careers, my parents proudly see that their sacrifice was well worth it. Mere words cannot say thank you enough.

Multicultural Literature Essay- Eleithia Essay

Author, Alice Walker’s, Elethia, is a story of young Elethia who struggles to overcome a legacy of passivity, marginalization, inferiority, and misrepresentation of the Negro. To define her own identity she must break free and simultaneously hold on to the central figure that causes her to doubt her identity. Uncle Albert is a symbol of racism and the blindness that oftentimes presents itself within the Negro culture. There is a quote given by the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., â€Å"there are many Negros who will never fight for freedom, but will gladly accept it when it comes!† Dr. King’s remarks are favored by me in the fight against racism and I understand it to mean this. That while segregation, impartiality, brutality and blatant disrespect are present, there will always be a certain percentage of people, belonging to an oppressed culture, who will idly sit by and accept the countless improprieties set before them while others continuously fight to break down the walls of bigotry. In the town in which Elethia made her home, Uncle Albert had been a fixture in the window of the Old Uncle Albert’s restaurant for good length of time. So long that some of the old-timers, who had known Uncle Albert before his murder, were victims of fading memories, â€Å"perhaps both memory and eyesight were wrong (Brown p.307).† As a humanist, I am annoyed that the story is absent, perhaps accidentally or possibly on purpose, that not one member of the African American community protested or took any actions to give Uncle Albert’s likeness a release. I understand fear. The fear of retribution and death at the hands of white supremacists, however years, an entire generation in fact, had passed and Uncle Albert’s remains still stood smiling in the white-only eatery. Since slavery religious instruction was aimed â€Å"to inculcate meekness and docility (Aptheker 122).† What about after the doors  of the church were closed? Throughout the short story, there is no mention of a revolutionary plot or rebellion by any one person or persons of the community. Elethia, young and still not sure of who she was, made the horrific discovery that Uncle Albert was stuffed as if he were and animal. At that moment, she along with her friends made the conscious decision that smiling Uncle Albert had to be excluded as a fixture in a plated glass window in order to give dignity to the Negro culture. I am a firm believer in non-violence but only when you are dealing with people who share the same view of non-violence. The story does not give the reader any hint that there was a rumble from the community of Negro people at a time when a loud noise should have sounded off. At a time when the Civil Rights Movement was in its infancy, the passiveness of the entire African American community of the small southern town gave credence to the myth of the docile Negro. Throughout American history, any person or persons of the American society, whom skin is deemed to be colored has been marginalized since he has placed his foot on American soil. The Negros place in society has been viewed as less important than those of his white brethrens. In Elethia, a young black boy’s privates were left nailed to a post for the town’s people, which included blacks and whites to see. I will take this crude act and look at in two ways to support my theory of marginalization: the first angle will be taken from a white societal viewpoint in that a young Negro boy is not looked upon as a human being. He is simply a person of color who is absent of pathos, and intellect. His status in the general public is placed the lowest echelon on the societal chain, therefore he does not warrant the right to be buried properly in a grave. The act of inhumanity can secondly be viewed by the African American community as an act of intimidation by the oppressor to furt her propel the theory of marginalization and minimize their self worth as citizens of a so called pluralist society. This marginalization theory leads to societal exclusion, the act of leaving one social class at a disadvantage while elevating another social class to point where there becomes a false sense of superiority. This false sense of superiority can and will result in inferiority, a mental prison. The bedrock of inferiority, that is the views that white America or Americans  have toward their opposites, who are black Americans derived from the words set forth by one of our founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, in his Letters to the State of Virginia. In its fourteenth query he describes what he perceives the Negro to be: â€Å"The negro differences which are physical and moral. The first difference which strikes us is that of colour. Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expressions of every passion by greater or less suffusions of colour in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony, which reigns i n the countenances, that immoveable veil of black which covers all the emotions of the other race? Add to these, flowing hair, a more elegant symmetry of form, their own judgment in favour of the whites, declared by their preference of them, as uniformly as is the preference of the Oranootan for the black women over those of his own species. The circumstance of superior beauty, is thought worthy attention in the propagation of our horses, dogs, and other domestic animals; why not in that of man? Besides those of colour, figure, and hair, there are other physical distinctions proving a difference of race. They have less hair on the face and body. Perhaps too a difference of structure in the pulmonary apparatus, which a late ingenious (1) experimentalist has discovered to be the principal regulator of animal heat, may have disabled them from extricating, in the act of inspiration, so much of that fluid from the outer air, or obliged them in expiration, to part with more of it. They seem to require less sleep. A black, after hard labour through the day, will be induced by the slightest amusements to sit up till midnight, or later, though knowing he must be out with the first dawn of the morning. An animal whose body is at rest, and who does not reflect, must be disposed to sleep of course. Comparing them by their faculties of memory, reason, and imagination, it appears to me, that in memory they are equal to the whites; in reason much inferior, as I think one could scarcely be found capable of tracing and comprehending the investigations of Euclid; and that in imagination they are dull, tasteless, and anomalous. It would be unfair to follow them to Africa for this investigation. We will consider them here, on the same stage with the whites, and where the facts are not apocryphal on which a judgment is to be formed. It will be right to make great allowances for the difference of condition, of education, of conversation, of the sphere in which they move. I find that a black had uttered a thought above the level of plain narration; never see even an elementary trait of painting or sculpture. In music they are more generally gifted than the whites with accurate ears for tune and time, and they have been found capable of imagining a small catch (2). Whether they will be equal to the composition of a more extensive run of melody, or of complicated harmony, is yet to be proved. Misery is often the parent of the most affecting touches in poetry. — Among the blacks is misery enough, God knows, but no poetry. Love is the peculiar ;oestrum of the poet. Their love is ardent, but it kindles the senses only, not the imagination. Religion indeed has produced a Phyllis Whately; but it could not produce a poet (Jefferson).† Mr. Jefferson claims that the Negro is less beautiful than whites and that Negro man desires the free flowing long hair of the white woman over that of the Negro women. He says the Negro lacks intelligence, so much so that he doesn’t know when to lie down when his body calls for rest. The Negro is quite capable of imagining, but lacks the skill to produce works of art. The Negro has a foul odor. The Negro has a different pulmonary apparatus than that of the Anglo- man. Thomas Jefferson’s query is the foundation in which biased racial views were built upon and the home in which inferiority breeds. In the context of Elethia, she was not allowed to eat in the white-only establishment, however, she was permitted to take a menial position as the kitchen help. This added to her as well as the other Negro worker’s persistent feelings of inadequacy. â€Å"Not good enough to eat here but good enough to clean your slop jar (Anderson, 323)!† She was able to look but not touch. In Walker’s, Elethia, Uncle Albert not only was he angry when he and his family learned that slavery had ended a decade prior to his knowledge. He felt inferior because due to the oppression of his owner he became an paradigm of Thomas Jefferson’s statement â€Å"the Negro lacks intelligence (Jefferson query XIV).† Uncle Albert did not possess the skill or intellect that kept him ignorant to the laws and abolishment of slavery. His lack of knowledge perpetuated the feelings of inferiority. Another example of inadequacy came to pass when Elethia learned the truth of Uncle Albert’s remains. She saw this as a mockery and another disregard for a Negro life. She viewed Uncle Albert’s standing in the window as a shadow  of racism. The plate glass window holding Uncle Albert’s smiling remains is a misrepresentation of the African American Community. He was placed there like a caricature advertisement to entice patrons to dine at the all white faci lity where they will be handled with the utmost care by our friendly waiter, Uncle Albert. First, the African American old-timers in the text make it clear that Uncle Albert was nobodies Uncle, â€Å"and wouldn’t sit still for anyone to call him that either (Brown 308)†. Second he never smiled, in fact the text leads the reader to believe that Uncle Albert was a bit of a surly man, who was filled with a lot of anger and nowhere to extinguish it. If occasionally he managed to open his mouth in the form of a smile, there would be vacancies where teeth had once dwelled. When the old timers, who were members of the African American community, talked about Uncle Albert, they used his name Albert Porter. This momentarily afforded a black man a little slice of dignity, a representation of a man lacking inferiorities. With the removing of the young black boy’s genitals from the post, Uncle Albert gave the boy and his family a slice of the same pie of dignity; a slice that represented that someone showed compassion for another human soul. In my opinion, the placing of Uncle Albert in the window of the segregated eatery, it says that the Negro will always be less than, enslaved, and subservient in life or in death so he should â€Å"grin and act like a nigger (Brown 309).† When in slavery, Uncle Albert was beaten severely because his oppressor wanted him to forget his past. This was a blatant misrepresentation of him and every black person housed between the walls of racism. Uncle Albert refused to forget. His refusal brought him additional pain and suffering. Stubbornness would not allow him to forget and succumb to the smiling happy Negro. In finding ones identity, one oftentimes has to look at others. Noted scholoar, WEB DuBois explore the Negro culture. In regards to identity he tells us about the double consciousness. â€Å"This double consciousness is a psychological sense experienced by the African Americans whereby they possess the national identity, â€Å"an American,† within a nation that despises their racial identity and that blacks see themselves only through the eyes of white Americans to measure intelligence beauty, and a sense of self-worth by standards set by others (DuBois 4).† Young Elethia was coming of age and her inquisitive nature uncovered truths and these truths led to more inquiries. Who am I? Who is Uncle Albert? Am I my community? Am I Uncle Albert? Am I going to let someone who keeps my community in oppression define who WE should be? Between the lines of the text these questions rang out to me. The title of the short story is Elethia, which when you search for names for girls you find that Elethia means healer. Was Elethia taking on the role as healer for the entire African American community? Was she only there to heal the memory of Uncle Albert? In a search for Elethia’s identity, I think that maybe the author, Walker, purposely named her character Elethia as a subtle way to aide her in the restorative process against inequality. The removal of the symbol of pain weaved together with a mythological symbol that helps lessen the pain in order to make a society whole, is nothing short of genius. It not only helped in the formation of young Elethia it gave a self-esteem booster to the African American community. The absence of Uncle Albert in effect may have unmasked the veil in which W.E.B. DuBois says the black folk live under (14). Uncle Albert’s persona displayed in the window puts me in the mind of Aunt Jemima, a mammy black face figure, with a big smile, whom is overly obedient, and whose primary goal in life is to be happy and subservient to the Anglo community. This is viewed as a negative stereotype in the African American community, not just in the small southern town, but all over America. Due to the veil worn by the African American community, Aunt Jemima was accepted by the African American community before the veil was lifted. The Aunt Jemima persona was juxtaposed as to what Uncle Albert was in life. With him no longer in the window that element has disappeared and the Negro has the freedom to create his own identity. By removing him from the window and giving him a proper cremation, the ‘young self imposed civil rights activist/reconciliators of the community’ not only released him from the glass plated walls of slavery but they gave him a spiritual release to heal his soul and the souls of the community. Not only was Uncle Albert a remembrance of pain he became a commemoration of healing when Elethia along with her friends decided in an act to resist racism decided to free Uncle Albert it became a cleansing for the African American’s of the town. By keeping his ashes it was a reminder of the past; albeit a past Uncle Albert refused to forget. Uncle Albert was not allowed to be free, to go  off to college to be and do better things. He was trapped. Keeping his ashes was also a symbol of humbleness to not forget where you started from. Elethia saw change that disallowed her and her friends to become trapped. This change allowed members of the African American community everywhere to claim and create who they wanted to be for themselves, as well as their families. In Elethia’s travels in life she had ran into several Uncle Alberts and Aunt Albertas who were not permitted to exist (Brown 309). The African American individuals whom were not permitted to be seen or heard by means of oppression, or their own lack or inability to seek a better life. His ashes are a constant reminder of who she is now in the present, how far she has come, and how much further she needs to maintain the feeling of wholeness. Although Wikipedia is not a scholarly source, it gave me the definition of identity and I believe it is reasonably accurate. Identity is defined as sameness, or whatever makes an entity definable and recognizable. By transcribing the memory of Uncle Albert it did just that and also Elethia also created a legacy. This legacy that can be retold without censure or wrong misgivings which gives legacy gives the African American Community a place in history; a place that says yes our people do and did exist. In addition a legacy is about the way one lived or is living in hopes that the future outcome will have results greater than the past. Elethia’s legacy also provides the African American community with history that mirrors the way they look, traditions that existed, the way they speak, and the way they were forced to live. This culmination of factors adds to Elethia as well as the Negro community and adds to each ones identity. I once read somewhere that without a legacy the meaning of life is sometimes lost. Had some of the Uncle Alberts and Aunt Albertas in Elethia path lost their meaning of life and may that loss caused them to be blind? Maybe or maybe not, however one struggle to overcome the products of racism can definitely effect the way ones views himself. In conclusion a legacy can oftentimes become the catalyst that brings about social change and is a definite component of identity. WORK CITED Anderson, J.D., My Bouquet of Kisses, Esquire Publications, Inc.: 3rd edition (April 2011). Aptheker, Henry., American Negro Slave Revolts, Publisher: Intl Pub; 5 edition (August 1983). Brown, Wesley & Ling, Amy, Imagining America Stories from the Promised Land: Persea Books, Inc.: 1st edition (2002). DuBois, W.E.B., The Souls of Black Folk, Barnes & Nobles Classics with New Introduction (1903) Republished 2003. Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on the State of Virginia, (1781) www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/notes-on-the-state-of-virginia-by-thomas-jefferson-1781-1782-2. www.wikipedia.com Identity. Retrieved August 4, 2012.